Cell Types and DNA Overview

Question 1

Cell is the lowest level of organization that can perform all activities required for life

Answer 1

-Are enclosed by a membrane
-plasma membrane that separates inside and outside
of cell
-Use DNA as their genetic information
-Use the same 20 amino acids to create proteins
-Use ATP (molecule that delivers energy)
-Cell is the basic unit of life

Question 2

Eukaryotic cell

Answer 2

Eu = Latest/second
Membrane-enclosed organelles, largest is usually the nucleus
Plasma-membrane
Phospho-lipid Bilayer

Question 3

Prokaryotic cell

Answer 3

pro = Earlier/First
simpler
Usually smaller
Does not contain a nucleus or other membrane -enclosed organelles
Only has plasma-membrane

Question 4

Chromosome

Answer 4

contains most of a cell’s genetic material in form of DNA

Typical human chromosome can have up to 10,000 genes

Each chromosome has one long DNA molecule with hundreds or thousands of genes

Question 5

Genes

Answer 5

Unit of inheritance that transmit info from parents to offspring

Encode info for building proteins

Question 6

DNA

Answer 6

substance of genes
Inherited by offspring by their parents
Controls the development and maintenance of organisms
Arranged in a double helix
Each link in one of four kinds of nucleotides
(A ,G, C, & T)
DNA is transcribed into RNA then translated into protein

Question 7

Gene expression

Answer 7

Process of converting info from gene to cellular product

Question 8

Genome

Answer 8

entire set of genetic instructions

Question 9

Genomics

Answer 9

Study of sets of genes within and between species