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micro > cell types > Flashcards

cell types Flashcards

1
Q

hematoxylin

A

basic dye, binds negatively charged tissue (basophilic)

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2
Q

eosin

A

acidic dye, binds positively charged tissue components (acidophilic)

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3
Q

sebaceous glands

A

usually secrete into hair follicles; Holocrine secretion

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4
Q

parotid gland

A

serous gland

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5
Q

sublingual gland

A

mainly mucous with serous demilunes

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6
Q

submandibular gland

A

mainly serous, some mucous

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7
Q

eccrine sweat gland

A

simple coiled tubular glands, open directly into skin surface; merocrine secretion; serous secretions

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8
Q

apocrine sweat glands

A

open into hair follicles above sebaceous glands, wide lumen of secretory portion; secrete viscous, odorless fluid that is metabolized to produce malodorous compounds; Merocrine secretion (maybe apocrine); perianal, areola, axilla; active at puberty

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9
Q

myoepithelial cell

A

by base of glands, contract for excretion; in sweat, mammary and salivary glands

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10
Q

fibroblasts

A

predominant cell in connective tissues; elongated spindle-shaped, flattened nucleus; produce fibers and ground substances; extensive RER

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11
Q

macrophage (histiocytes)

A

large, pale staining irregular shape; phagocystic cells; derived from monocytes; present in chronic inflammation

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12
Q

mast cells

A

round to oval cells, nucleus centrally located; lare basophilic granules containing histamine; increase permeability of small venules and capillaries in response to inflammation

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13
Q

plasma cells

A

eccentric nucleus, “clock face” due to heterochromatin or “cartwheel” due to euchromatin; extensive RER, centrosome; derived from B lymphocytes and activated in immune response; produce and secrete antibodies

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14
Q

lymphocytes

A

major cell type in immune system; found in blood, lymph CT, lymphoid tissue
o Small = inactive, heterochromatic, basophilic
o Large = active, euchromatic nucelus

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15
Q

adipocytes

A

fat cells

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16
Q

reticular fibers

A

collagen type III

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17
Q

collagen fibers

A

collagen type I (3 alpha chains)

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18
Q

brown fat

A

multilocular, vascular, brown due to many mitochondria, prominent in newborns; generate heat

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19
Q

white fat

A

unilocular when mature, single large droplet, “chicken-wire appearance); energy storage, thermal insulation; hypodermis, breast, loose CT; no membrane

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20
Q

kupffer cells

A

macrophages of liver

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21
Q

keratinocyte

A

produce lamellar bodies (waterproof skin), keratohyalin granules ; found in stratum basales

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22
Q

melanocyte

A

pale cells in stratum basales, long cytoplasmic processes; produce melanin; LESS pigmented than keratinocytes

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23
Q

melanocyte

A

membrane bound organelles containing tyrosinase, transferred to keratinocytes once they are made; melanin is synthesized within melanosomes

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24
Q

langerhans cell

A

macrophages of skin; type of dendritic cell

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25
Q

meibomian gland

A

sebaceous gland of eyelid

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26
Q

merkel cell

A

rare cells in stratum basales; most numerous in thick skin

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27
Q

merkel corpuscle (mechanoreceptor)

A

merkel cell + merkel disc

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28
Q

stem cell of skin

A

gives rise only to keratinocytes and merkel cells

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29
Q

hofbauer cells

A

macrophages of chorionic villi

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30
Q

decidual cells

A

derived from stromal cells of uterine endometrium (maternal); found in decidual basalis; large, polygonal cells with pale cytoplasm and central nuclei

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31
Q

cytotrophoblast

A

pale staining, mononucleated, stem cells that fuse to form syncytiotrophoblast; separated from maternal blood by syncytiotrophoblast

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32
Q

syncytiotrophoblast

A

multinucleated syncytium formed by fusion of cytotrophoblat cells; invasive properties, microvilli

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33
Q

skeletal muscle cell

A

long, unbranched cylindrical cells, multinucleated, peripheral nuceli

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34
Q

cardiac muscle cell

A

single or binucelate centrally located, intercalated disks, may branch

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35
Q

smooth muscle cells

A

spindle shaped (fusiform) cells, single central nucleus; corkscrew apperance when contracted

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36
Q

neuoglia/glia

A

non-neuronal cells specific to the nervous system
o CNS: oligodendrocytes, astroglia, microglia, ependymal cells
o PNS: Schwann cells, satellite cells

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37
Q

neuron

A

cell body has large and euchromatic nucleus, prominent nucleolus, nissl bodies, perikaryon; dendrites, axon

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38
Q

ganglia

A

cluster of neuronal cell bodies located outside the CNS
o Sensory: dorsal root ganglia, Sensory ganglia of cranial nerves
o Autonomic: sympathetic, parasympathetic, enteric

39
Q

satellite cells

A

surround neuron cell bodies, support microenvironment

40
Q

schwann cells

A

wrap around axons, associated with myelinated and unmyelinated axons

41
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

make myelin

42
Q

chromophobe

A

cytoplasm stains poorly, may be undifferentiated cells or degranulated chromophils (adenohypophysis)

43
Q

acidophil

A

somatotropes (GH), mammotropes (prolactin); (SAM, GPA); (adenohypophysis)

44
Q

basophil

A

gonadotropes (FSH, LH), corticotropes (ACTH, POMC), thyrotropes (TSH); B-FLAT; melanotopes (MSH)l (adenohypophysis)

45
Q

pituicytes

A

glial cells, most nuclei in pars nervosa; neurohypophysis

46
Q

chief (principal) cell

A

small polygonal cells with round central nucleus, large amounts of glycogen; “beads on a string,” produce PTH (increases blood Ca2+)

47
Q

oxyphils

A

larger and rounder than chief cells, very eosinophilic (mitochondria), smaller nuclei; occur in clusters, increase with age; unknown function; in parathyroid

48
Q

thyroid follicular cell

A

morphologically polarized cells with basal and apical ends, abundant RER, TG synthesis, tight junctions, microvilli; lysosomes

49
Q

parafollicular (C) cell

A

rare in human thyroid; pale or clear cytoplasm, part of follicular epithelium, secrete calcitonin in response to high blood calcium

50
Q

chromaffin cells

A

NE and epinephrine producing cells; stain with chromium salts; made up adrenal glands

51
Q

osteoprogenitor cells

A

differentiate into osteoblasts; found in inner layer of periosteum and in the endosteum

52
Q

osteoblast

A

uninucleate cells derived from osteoprogentiro cells, basophilic (RER), surface of bone, deposit bone matrix

53
Q

osteocyte

A

uninucleate cells derived from osteoblasts; when osteoblast becomes completely surrounded by bone it becomes an osteocyte (lacuna); maintain bone matrix

54
Q

osteoclast

A

large multinucleated cells, differentiate from monocytes; acidophilic, found on surface of bone; resorb bone matrix

55
Q

chondrocyte

A

cartilage cells; completed surrounded by matrix, oval cells; produce matrix components; receive poor oxygen

56
Q

isogenous group

A

formed by chondrocytes in fibrocartilage

57
Q

erythrocyte

A

red blood cells; no nucleus or cytoplasmic organelles

58
Q

reticulocyte

A

no nucleus, larger than RBC, only motile stage in RBC lifecycle

59
Q

platelet

A

thrombocytes; no nuclei; granules; short life span; maintain endothelium; has organelles

60
Q

leukocyte

A

white blood cell; nucleated, larger than RBCs, involved in inflammation

61
Q

agranulocytes

A

lymphocytes, monocytes

• Nonlobulated nucleus, azurophlic granules (lyosomes), lack specific granules

62
Q

granulocytes

A

neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils

• Lobed nuclei, azuophilic and specific granules

63
Q

lymphocyte

A

30% of WBCs; T cells, B cells, NK cells
o Small: heterochromatic, round or kidney shaped, basophilic
o Large: larger euchromatic nucleus, smudged chromatin pattern

64
Q

monocyte

A

largest cells; irregular folded lumpy horse-shaped nucleus, lacey chromatin pattern, pale-staining; become macrophages in tissue
o Cluster to form Giant cells

65
Q

neutrophil

A

70% of WBCs, 2-5 lobes connected by thin strands, small and pale staining granules, phagocytic

66
Q

eosinophil

A

2-3 well defined lobes in nucleus, crystalloid (MBP), kill worms, modulate activity of basophils and mast cells; asthma

67
Q

basophil

A

least numerous, least lobulated nuclei, purplish-black granules in nuclei, no crystalloid, increase permeability of vessels, release PAF and LTC4; hypersensitivities

68
Q

megakaryocyte

A

disintegrates to form platelets

69
Q

basophilic erythroblast

A

most intensely basophilic cytoplasm, many free polysomes, dispersed chromatin

70
Q

polychromatophilic erythroblast

A

“checkerboard” chromatin pattern, no visible nucleoli, produce large amounts of hemoglobin, last stage capable of mitosis

71
Q

Orthochromatic Erythroblast

A

normoblast; most organelles absent; eosinophilic; heterochromatic eccentric nucleus

72
Q

promyelocyte

A

large cell with multiple nucleoli, produces azurophilic granules; basophilic cytoplasm, irregular nucleus

73
Q

myelocyte

A

smaller than promyelocyte, doesn’t make azurophlic granules; round or flattened nucleus; last stage capable of mitosis

74
Q

metamyelocyte

A

V-shaped indentation of nucleus; condensed chromatin

75
Q

band (stab) cell

A

curved dumb-bell shaped nucleus; more present in infections

76
Q

mature granulocyte

A

heterochromatic nucleus, nuclear lobes connected by inner strands; leave hematopoietic compartment

77
Q

pericyte

A

maintains blood-brain barrier; found near capillaries; monitor endothelial cells; important in brain

78
Q

thymocyte

A

any lymphocyte in the thymus

79
Q

thymic epithelial cell (TEC)

A

makes up stroma of the thymus; pale euchromatic; jointed to one another by desmosomes with tonofilaments; poorly phagocytic; also called epithelial reticular cells (ERCs)

80
Q

interdigitating dendritic cell (IDC)

A

APC, lack tonofilaments, found in medulla; important in negative selection in thymus

81
Q

prothymocyte

A

T cell precursors

82
Q

follicular dendritic cell (FDC)

A

in lymphoid nodules; bind ag-ab cmplexes vi FC portion of AB; NOT APCs

83
Q

centroblasts

A

actively dividing B cells in dark zone of nodule

84
Q

centrocytes

A

B cells in light zone, less actively dividing; undergo class switching

85
Q

reticular cells

A

make up stroma up spleen

86
Q

alveolar macrophage (dust) cells

A

in alveolar epithelium, phagocytose

87
Q

brush cells

A

sensory receptors of respiratory epithelium, have microvilli

88
Q

DNES cells

A

secretory granules in basal cytoplasm, secrete into lamina propria, secrete different hormones; small granule cells; Kulchitsky cells

89
Q

olfactory receptor cells

A

detect odors; line nasal cavity

90
Q

type I pneumocyte

A

in alveolar epithelium, cover 95% of surface; simple squamous; form tight junctions

91
Q

Type II pneumocyte

A

alveolar epithelium; great alveolar cells, septal cells; rounded, form tight junctions; produce surfacant in lamellar bodies; give rise to type I and type II

92
Q

Sustentacular cells

A

supporting cells with microvilli of olfactory epithelium

93
Q

clara cells

A

bronchiolar cells; produce proteins of surfacant (no cilia)

micro (4 decks)

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