Cell Transport and Metabolism

Question 1

Simple Diffusion

Answer 1

random movement of substances from area of a high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 2

Passive Transport

Answer 2

movement of materials across the cell membrane without the cell using its own energy

Question 3

What factors affect diffusion?

Answer 3

Concentration, Temperature, Pressure

Question 4

Osmosis

Answer 4

Diffusion of water

As water enters inside the cell, pressure occurs inside against the cell membrane

Question 5

Turgor pressure

Answer 5

Pressure against cell membrane in plants caused my osmosis.
Gives plants their rigidity
When turgor pressure = osmotic pressure, equilibrium is reached

Question 6

Isotonic Solution

Answer 6

Solute concentration inside the cell equals the solute concentration outside the cell

Question 7

Hypotonic Solution

Answer 7

Solute concentration outside the cell is less than the one found inside the cell
Water flows inward causing increased pressure within the cell

Plants: have cell walls to withstand pressure
Animals: would eventually burst (cytolysis) so they have water removing mechanisms
Single celled organisms: contractile vacuoles.
Multicellular organisms: specialized organs like kidneys, lungs, sweat glands,

Question 8

Hypertonic Solution

Answer 8

solute concentration outside the cell is higher than the one found inside the cell
organisms lose water = cells to shrink (plasmolysis)
plants: wilt
animals: dehydrate

Question 9

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 9

special channel protein molecules in the cell membrane speed up the movement of molecules already moving
like an express line

Question 10

Active Transport

Answer 10

• movement of substances across the cell membrane requiring the cell to use its own energy
• agaisnt concentration grade

Question 11

Endocytosis

Answer 11

• movement of substances within the cell by means of the cytoplasm
• engulfing molecule with pseudopods until is has been enclosed within a vacuole

Question 12

Phagocytosis

Answer 12

Endocytosis : process through which cells engulf solid particles

Question 13

Pinocytosis

Answer 13

Endocytosis: process through which cells engulfs liquid droplets

Question 14

Exocytosis

Answer 14

exo = out of
large molecules which move to and join with the cell membrane expelling their contents

Question 15

Metabolism

Answer 15

= all the chemical reactions that build up and tear down molecules within the cell
- involves energy production and use within the cell
- energy is obtained at cellular level

Question 16

Energy

Answer 16

= the capacity of doing work or causing change
- cannot be created or destroyed only changed from one form to another

Question 17

ATP

Answer 17

A compound that stores chemical energy in cells
- energy is kept in these small packs so it can be used readily
- when energy is needed, terminal (end) phosphate breaks off of ATP and a bit of energy is released. ADP is left

Question 18

APD

Answer 18

energy carrier
- picks up nrg released during special chemical reactions and uses it to attach a phosphate group and make ATP again

Question 19

Electron Transport Systems

Answer 19

NRG released by the transfer of electrons is released in small amounts as particles are passed from 1 Acceptor Molecule to another
- rapid release of energy is not suited for cells because it gets too hot and causes damage

Question 20

Photosynthesis