Animals

Question 1

Kingdom Animalia Characteristics

Answer 1

• multicellular
• eukaryotic
• heterotrophic
• produce sexually (some simpler members produce asexually too)
• further characterized by having specialized cells & tissues

Question 2

Invertebrates

Answer 2

• Lack backbone
• estimated 97% are invertebrates

Question 3

phylum PORIFERA

Answer 3

• ex) sponges
• also called pore bears because of its pores on the sides
• have no tissues or organs
• nearly all are marine and sessile (live on bottom of ocean attached onto something)
• asymmetrical
• Known as filter feeders
• have spicules = supporting structures
• can produce asexually (budding) or sexually by producing egg and sperm

water flow & how they eat:
- outer surfaced is covered with flat pore cells which allow water to come in,
- water is then pumped into larger canal lined with collar cells (choanocytes)
- The cells have flagellum that creates currents and thin collar traps food that is later ingested and passed to cells (amoebocytes) for distribution
- Water then leaves through the osculum (large opening at top)

Question 4

phylum CNIDARIA or COLENTRATES

Answer 4

ex) jelly fish, sea anemone, coral
- mainly marine
- have tissues to perform specific functions
- Radial symmetry
- either shaped as a polup (= sessile, cylyndrical sac-like body) or medusa
- Have centrally located mouth surrounded by tentacles
- Almost all carnivors & use nematocyst (stinging structures) to paralyze prey.
- Food is pulled into blind gut where its digested
- Due to their acoelmate (single opening) wastes leaves through mouth too
- can do sexual and asexual reproduction
- Many begin life as polyp and become free swimming as adults

Question 5

phylum PLATYHELMINTHES

Answer 5

ex) tapeworm, planaria

• known as flatworms
• are the simplest invertebrates that have organs and organ systems
• have single brain and nervous system that coordinates the movements of the muscular system
• Concentration of nerves in the anterior end is called cephalization
  DIET: are free living carnivores
  FEEDING: have a pharynx they extend to take in food and digest it
• have eyespots to detect light

HOW DO THEY EAT: attach themselves inside intestines and absorb nutrients hosts take in
- They dont have digestive systems cause theyre parasitic and organism they live off of has already digested it

• this allows room for well-developed reproductive systems in form of PROGLOTIDS
• have female and male reproductive parts

First time we see some type of NERVOUS SYSTEM

Question 6

Cephalization

Answer 6

Concentration of nerves in anterior end

Question 7

phylum NEMATODA

Answer 7

ex) ascaris, hookworm
- known as roundworms
- have tubular digestive systems running through body with separate mouth and anus
- get shape from a fluid filled body cavity (pseudocoel) between digestive track and the body wall which acts as a hydrostatic skeleton
- most members are parasitic
- covered with tough cuticle
- reproduce sexually with separate sexes

*first time we see FULL REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM (mouth + anus)

Question 8

phylum ANNELIDA

Answer 8

ex) earthworm, leach