Cell transport Flashcards
1
Q
What is passive transport?
A
- movement of substances across the cell membrane from high concentration to low concentration without the use of energy
2
Q
What is active transport?
A
- movement of substances across the cell membrane from low concentration to high concentration which require energy
- against the concentration gradient
3
Q
How many type of passive transport are there?
A
- 2 types: diffusion and osmosis
4
Q
How many type of active transport are there?
A
- 2 types: cytosis and ions pump
5
Q
What is diffusion?
A
- molecules spread out from regions of higher concentration to lower concentration until equilibrium
- can be liquids or gas
6
Q
What factors affect diffusion?
A
- concentration gradient
- particle size
- temperature
- membrane permeability
7
Q
How membrane permeability affects diffusion?
A
- the more permeable the membrane is to a substance, the faster the diffusion
8
Q
What is impermeable?
A
- membrane which blocks all particles
9
Q
What is semi-permeable?
A
- membrane that blocks some particles but not others
10
Q
How concentration gradient affects diffusion?
A
- the greater the difference in concentration between the 2 locations, the faster the diffusion
11
Q
How temperature affects diffusion?
A
- higher temperatures cause molecules to move faster therefore increase the rate of diffusion
12
Q
How particle size affects diffusion?
A
- smaller molecules require less energy to move, therefore diffuse faster
13
Q
How many type of diffusion are there?
A
- 2 types: simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion
14
Q
What is simple diffusion?
A
- molecules move freely and unaided
15
Q
What is facilitated diffusion?
A
- specific proteins in the cell membrane provide a pathway for particular molecules that cannot freely pass through the cell membrane
16
Q
What is osmosis?
A
- water molecules spread out from regions of higher concentration to lower concentration until equilibrium
17
Q
What is concentration gradient
A
- the difference in the concentration of a substance between two regions
18
Q
What is cytosis?
A
- active transport of material within vesicles
19
Q
What is endocytosis?
A
- takes in substances from external environment
- form vesicle around the substance
20
Q
What is exocytosis?
A
- cells expel substances to external environment
21
Q
What is ions pump?
A
- primary active transport
- use enzymes to transport ions across a membrane against it concentration gradient
