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Biology > Cell Transport > Flashcards

Cell Transport Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the fluid-mosaic model?

A

The currently accepted model of plasma membrane structure, depicting a fluid phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.

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2
Q

What are the structural components of the plasma membrane?

A

Phospholipid bilayer, cholesterol, glycoproteins, glycolipids, and membrane proteins.

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3
Q

What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?

A

To regulate what can enter and exit the cell, which helps the cell to maintain homeostasis.

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4
Q

What do phospholipids form?

A

A bilayer with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.

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5
Q

What role does cholesterol play in the plasma membrane?

A

It adds strength and stability to the membrane’s fluidity.

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6
Q

What are integral proteins?

A

Proteins that span the entire membrane.

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7
Q

What are peripheral proteins?

A

Proteins attached to either the intracellular or extracellular side of the membrane.

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8
Q

What is the function of glycoproteins?

A

They are involved in cell-to-cell recognition.

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9
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

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10
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The facilitated diffusion of water across a differentially permeable membrane.

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11
Q

What happens to cells in an isotonic solution?

A

They neither gain nor lose water.

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12
Q

What happens to cells in a hypotonic solution?

A

They gain water.

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13
Q

What happens to cells in a hypertonic solution?

A

They lose water.

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14
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

A passive transport process involving channel proteins moving substances from higher to lower concentrations.

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15
Q

What is active transport?

A

The movement of substances against their concentration gradient using energy and a carrier protein.

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16
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

The process by which larger substances are exported from the cell.

17
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

The process by which larger substances are taken into the cell.

18
Q

How do animal cells react in isotonic solutions?

A

Water moves equally into and out of the cell; there is no net movement of water.

19
Q

How do plant cells react in hypotonic solutions?

A

The central vacuole fills up, and the cell membrane presses against the cell wall, creating turgor pressure.

20
Q

What is lysis?

A

The bursting of an animal cell due to excessive water intake.

21
Q

What is crenation?

A

The shrinking of an animal cell in a hypertonic solution.

22
Q

What is plasmolysis?

A

The process where the plant cell membrane shrinks away from the cell wall in a hypertonic solution.

23
Q

What is the sodium-potassium pump?

A

An example of active transport that moves sodium out of and potassium into the cell.

24
Q

What is the role of channel proteins?

A

They assist with the movement of charged or polar molecules across the plasma membrane.

25
Q

What is the difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport?

A

Facilitated diffusion does not require energy and moves substances down their concentration gradient, while active transport requires energy and moves substances against their gradient.

26
Q

What happens to the level of solution on each side of the membrane when water moves from side B to side A?

A

The level will rise in side A and lower in side B.

27
Q

How does a plant cell respond to a hypotonic environment?

A

It fills with water, creating turgor pressure, which is the preferred state.

28
Q

What is the permeability of the plasma membrane to small, nonpolar molecules?

A

They tend to pass freely across the plasma membrane.

29
Q

What is the role of carrier proteins?

A

They assist with the active movement of molecules against their concentration gradient.

30
Q

What is the result of a 2% salt solution compared to a 4% salt solution?

A

The 2% salt solution is hypotonic relative to the 4% salt solution.

31
Q

What is the result of a 4% salt solution compared to a 2% salt solution?

A

The 4% salt solution is hypertonic relative to the 2% salt solution.

32
Q

What is isotonic relative to a 2% salt solution?

A

A solution with 2% solute.

33
Q

What is the primary energy source for the sodium-potassium pump?

A

ATP.

34
Q

Which process does NOT require energy?

A

Diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion.

35
Q

What is the term for the bursting of an animal cell?

A

Lysis.

36
Q

In which solution does an animal cell always take in water?

A

Hypotonic.

37
Q

Which ion is often actively transported across plasma membranes?

A

Sodium ions.

Biology (3 decks)

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