Cell Structure/Function Flashcards
Unit 2.1 Test
Identify the three principles of the Cell Theory
- All living things are composed of cells.
- Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in organisms.
- All cells come from preexisting cells.
As the _____________ of a cell increases, the proportionate amount of cell surface area ______________.
Volume, decreases
Label if the statement is true for a CLM or TEM microscope: Focusing by glass lense
CLM
Label if the statement is true for a CLM or TEM microscope: Focusing by magnetic lense
TEM
Label if the statement is true for a CLM or TEM microscope: Image viewed on computer screen with electron data
TEM
Label if the statement is true for a CLM or TEM microscope: Image viewed through eyepiece
CEM
In order to view living specimens, which microscope should you use?
CEM (Compound light microscope)
To view a specimen with the greatest magnification, which microscope should you use?
TEM (Transmission electron microscope)
To view the details of the exterior of a specimen, which microscope should you use?
SEM (Scanning electron microscope)
To view the internal structure of an object within a cell, which microscope should you use?
TEM (Transmission electron microscope)
Which organelle is the site of protein synthesis
Ribosomes
Which organelle is a gel-like coating outside the cell wall
Glycocalyx
Which organelle is the location of bacterial chromosome
Nucleoid
Which organelle is covering that supports, shapes, and protects cell
Cell Wall
Which organelle is rotating external appendage that pushes the cell forward
Flagellum
Which organelle is a hollow appendage that transfer plasmid DNA to other bacterial cells
Sex Cell
What are three main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
- Prokaryotes lack a nucleus; Eukaryotes have a nucleus
- Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles; eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles
- Prokaryotic cells are small and simple; eukaryotic cells are large and complex
List three layers from innermost to outermost of a prokaryotic cell
- Plasma Membrane
- Cell Wall
- Cell Capsule (Glycocalyx)
List some of the external appendage structures that a prokaryotic cell is likely to have (3)
- Flagella: Tail like
- Fimbriae: Short hairs
- Sex pill
Which eukaryotic organelles could have evolved from prokaryotes that took up residence in early eukaryotic cells (2)
- Chloroplasts
- Mitochondria
How do the nucleus and ribosomes work together?
Nucleus provides instructions to the ribosomes for how to build a specific protein
How do the ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum work together?
Ribosomes assemble the amino acid sequence of the protein and the endoplasmic reticulum helps make the protein’s shape and transports it
How do the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus work together?
Endoplasmic reticulum packages the produced protein into a vesicle and sends it to the Golgi apparatus to be modified, sorted, and delivered to its final destination
How do the Golgi apparatus and vesicles work together?
Golgi apparatus receives proteins in vesicles and sends out completed proteins in new vesicles to deliver the protein to its final destination
The Rough ER…
Synthesizes proteins and packages them in vesicles
The Smooth ER…
Synthesizes lipids/Detoxify substances
Lysosomes…
Contain digestive enzymes
Vesicles…
Transports proteins and lipids to various locations
Golgi apparatus…
Sorts lipids and proteins and packages them in vesicles
Plasma membrane…
Flexible boundary that regulates what can enter or exit the cell
Without ribosomes, what would a cell be unable to do?
Produce Proteins
Without mitochondria, what would a cell be unable to do?
Breakdown food to produce ATP
Select the structure found in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells.
- Plasma membrane
- Cell wall
- Mitochondrion
- Ribosome
Mitochondrion
The structure that surrounds the cytoplasm in a bacterial cell is the
- Cell wall
- Nucleoid
- Plasma membrane
- Ribosome
Plasma membrane
How are mitochondria and chloroplasts similar to bacteria?
They are bounded by a single membrane.
They have their own genetic material.
They lack ribosomes.
They are larger than normal cells.
They have their own genetic material.
Which of the following structures is part of the cell’s endomembrane system?
- Chloroplast
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Mitochondria
- Nucleolus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Plant cells…
- Have a cell wall but not a plasma membrane
- Have chloroplasts but no mitochondria
- Do not have any centrioles and yet divide
- Have a large central vacuole but do not have endoplasmic reticulum
Do not have any centrioles and yet divide
How are mitochondria like chloroplasts?
- They have the same structure.
- They both absorb the energy of the sun.
- They are both transformers of energy.
- They are both in animal cells.
They are both transformers of energy.
Which organelle is used to produce steroid hormones and to detoxify drugs?
- Lysosomes
- Golgi apparatus
- Rough ER
- Smooth ER
Smooth ER
