Cell transport

Question 1

Passive Transport

Answer 1

Diffusion of a substance across a membrane with no energy investment

Question 2

Simple Diffusion

Answer 2

the tendency for molecules to spread out evenly into the available space
Molecules move from high to low concentration
No energy or protein assistance needed

Question 3

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 3

transport proteins speed the passive movement of molecules across the plasma membrane

Question 4

Osmosis

Answer 4

Diffusion of free water across a selectively permeable membrane
Water moves towards higher solute concentration until the solute concentration is equal on both sides

Question 5

Transport Protein

Answer 5

-Provide passages that allow a specific molecule or ion to cross the membrane
(Specifically hydrophilic substances)
-Channel Proteins
(Hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel)
-Aquaporins
(Facilitate the passage of water)

Question 6

Carrier Protein

Answer 6

Binds to molecules and changes shape with allows the substances to follow through

Question 7

Active Transport

Answer 7

Moves substances against their concentration gradients, usually requires energy as ATP
Allows cells to maintain concentration gradients that differ from their surroundings
Ex: sodium-potassium pump
COTRANSPORT
When active transport of a solute indirectly drives transport of other solutes
BULK TRANSPORT
Transports large molecules via vesicles

Question 8

ATP

Answer 8

-Adenosine triphosphate
-Composed of a ribose (sugar), adenine (nitrogenous base), and three phosphate groups
-Energy
-Used to make RNA

Question 9

Sodium-Potassium Pump

Answer 9

A carrier protein that uses ATP to actively transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell

Question 10

Tonicity

Answer 10

The ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water

Question 11

Hypotonic

Answer 11

Solute concentration is less than that inside the cell; cell gains water

Question 12

Hypertonic

Answer 12

Solute concentration is greater than that inside the cell; cell loses water

Question 13

Isotonic

Answer 13

When the concentration of two solutions is the same, no net water movement

Question 14

Electrogenic Pump

Answer 14

transport protein that generates voltage across a membrane
-Animals
Sodium potassium pump
-Plants, Fungi, Bacteria
Proton pump

Question 15

Concentration Gradient (down vs. against)

Answer 15

Difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another
-Down
From more to less concentrated
No energy is needed
-Against
Requires work and energy

Question 16

Endocytosis

Answer 16

Cell takes in molecules and particulate matter by forming new vesicles from the plasma membrane

Question 17

Receptor Mediated

Answer 17

Receptor proteins on the cell membrane are used to capture specific target molecules and form a coated vesicle

Question 18

Exocytosis

Answer 18

-Transport vesicles migrate to the membrane, fuse with it, and release their contents
-Reverse of endocytosis
-Secretory cells use exocytosis to export products