cell transport

Question 1

passive transport

Answer 1

no energy required

Question 2

types of passive transport

Answer 2

• diffusion
• facilitated diffusion
• osmosis

Question 3

active transport

Answer 3

energy required
uses a carrier protein

Question 4

types of active transport

Answer 4

• protein pumps
• endocytosis (phagocytosis and pinocytosis)
• exocytosis

Question 5

random kinetic motion

Answer 5

brownian motion

Question 6

concentration gradient

Answer 6

when there is a difference in concentration of particles in one area compared to an another

Question 7

diffusion

Answer 7

• the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration it will continue until dynamic equilibrium is reached
• this doesn’ t require energy

Question 8

dynamic equilibrium

Answer 8

dynamic implies movment
equilibrium implies a balance
sooo dynamic equilibrium means there is no net movement

Question 9

osmosis

Answer 9

the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to low concentration and no energy required

Question 10

solution

Answer 10

a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances

Question 11

solute

Answer 11

is a substance dissolved in an another substance

Question 12

solvent

Answer 12

the “another” substance
ex. salt water : the salt is the solute and the water is the solvent

Question 13

hypertonic

Answer 13

concentration of dissolved substance is higher outside the cell than inside the cell
the cell shrinks and dies - water moves out

Question 14

hypotonic

Answer 14

concetration of dissolved substances is lower outside the cell than inside
cell expands, may burst - water moves in

Question 15

isotonic

Answer 15

solute concentration of solution equal to that of the cell
normal size cell - no net water movement

Question 16

turgor pressure

Answer 16

pressure from the water in the vacoules pushing against the cell membrane and against the cell wall of a plant cell this keeps the plants stiff and it happens in a hypotonic solution

Question 17

plasmolysis

Answer 17

process in which cells lose water in hypertonic solution

Question 18

5 main affects of diffusion

Answer 18

temperature, charge, diameter (size), concentration gradient, surface area of membrane

Question 19

affects of diffusion: temperature

Answer 19

high temp makes diffusion go faster

Question 20

affects of diffusion : charge

Answer 20

charged molecules can’t pass throught the membrane without help

Question 21

affects of diffusion: diameter (size)

Answer 21

large molecules can’t fit across the membrane without help

Question 22

affects of diffusion: concentration gradient

Answer 22

the steeper the gradient is the faster diffusion is

Question 23

affects of diffusion: surface area of membrane

Answer 23

the higher the surface area the more places diffusion can occur

Question 24

facilitated diffusion

Answer 24

diffusion but with the help of transport proteins/ carrier proteins (channel proteins)
no enrgy required
gate has to be opened or a specific binding site

Question 25

active transport

Answer 25

transport of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

Question 26

passive transport

Answer 26

transport of particles from an area of high concentratiion on to an area of low concetrat

Question 27

ion pumps

Answer 27

moves particles from an area of low concetration to an area of high concentration
requires ATP

Question 28

endocytosis

Answer 28

cells absorb molecules by engulfing them
in
uses energy

Question 29

exocytosis

Answer 29

material is transported out of a cell by a sac or vesicile
out
uses energy

Question 30

types of endocytosis

Answer 30

pinocytosis and phagocytosis

Question 31

pinocytosis

Answer 31

takes in fluids and solute

Question 32

phagocytosis

Answer 32

takes in larger substances (bacteria)

Question 33

aquaphorins

Answer 33

large integral proteins that form pores throughout the cell membrane. they allow water to pass in large amounts
made possible by facilitated diffusion