Cell theory & Cell types

Question 0

The difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is that….

Answer 0

Eukaryotic cells genetic material is separated from the rest of the cell by the nucleus but prokaryotic cells don’t separate their genetic material with in a nucleus.

Question 1

The cell theory states…

Answer 1

1. The cell is the basic unit of life
2. All living things are made up of cells
3. All cells come from existing cells

Question 2

Describe what a nucleus is.

Answer 2

It’s a large membrane-enclosed structure that has genetic material in the form of DNA & it controls the cell’s activities.

Question 3

What do all cells have in common?

Answer 3

They all have a cell membrane

Question 4

What is the role of the cell nucleus?

Answer 4

Nucleus has mostly all of the cells DNA & also coded instructions for making proteins and other molecules.

Question 5

What organelles help make & transport proteins?

Answer 5

Ribosomes, the rough ER, and the Golgi apparatus synthesize, modify, package & ship proteins.

Question 6

Describe the functions of vacuoles, lysosomes & the cytoskeleton.

Answer 6

vacuoles store materials like water, salt, proteins & carbohydrates. lysosomes break down lipids, carbohydrates & proteins into small molecules to be used by the rest of the cell (also break down old & unuseful organelles). cytoskeleton helps the cell maintain it’s shape and is also involved in movement.

Question 7

Describe the functions of chloroplasts and mitochondria.

Answer 7

Chloroplasts capture the energy from sunlight & turn it in to food that has chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis. Mitochondria turns the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use.

Question 8

Describe the functions of the cell membrane.

Answer 8

It regulates what enters & leaves the cell and protects & supports the cell.

Question 9

How can you tell the difference between a plant and animal cell?

Answer 9

Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a LARGE vacuole while animal cells DONT

Question 10

Nearly all cell membranes are made up of _______.

Answer 10

A lipid bilayer

Question 11

The lipid bilayer is…

Answer 11

A structure that forms a strong barrier between the cell & it’s surroundings.

Question 12

Name the 4 types of cell transport

Answer 12

1. Passive transport
2. Facilitated transport
3. Active transport
4. Vesicle transport

Question 13

Describe passive transport

Answer 13

No energy required bc molecules move down the concentration gradient

Question 14

Diffusion & osmosis are examples of….

Answer 14

Passive transport

Question 15

What is diffusion?

Answer 15

Process in which particles move from area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 16

What is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 16

Process in which molecules CANNOT directly diffuse across the membrane so they pass through special protein channels.

Question 17

Osmosis is….

Answer 17

The diffusion of water from an area of high concentration to low concentration

Question 18

If a solute is hypertonic it means that…

Answer 18

The solution has a higher solute concentration than the cell.

Question 19

If a solute is hypotonic it means that…

Answer 19

The solution has a lower solute concentration than the cell.

Question 20

If a solution is isotonic it means that…

Answer 20

The concentration of solutes is the same inside and outside the cell.

Question 21

Describe active transport

Answer 21

Requires energy since molecules are moving up (against) the concentration gradient