Cell Theory Flashcards
Cell Theory
All living things are composed of cells
Cell is the basic functional unit of life
Cells arise only from preexisting cells
Cells carry genetic information in the form of DNA. This genetic information is passed from parent to daughter cell
Prokaryotes
Single circular chromosome
Plasmids
Extrachormosomal material that may contain antibiotic resistance (virulence factor)
Plasmids that integrate into genome
Episomes
Transduction
Using bacteriophage as a vector
Bacterial genetic recombination increase bacterial diversity via
Transformation
Conjugation (Pili)
Transduction
Transposons genetic elements that can insert or remove themselves from the genome
Bacterial growth pattern
Lag, exponential, stationary, death
Mitochondria can divide independent of the nucleus via
Binary fission
Lysosomes
Hydrolytic enzymes that can break down substances ingested by endocytosis and cellular waste products
Rough ER
Translation of protein destined for secretion
Smooth ER
Lipid synthesis and detoxification
Peroxisomes
Contain hydrogen peroxide and can break down very long chain fatty acids via beta oxidation and participate in phospholipid sysnthesis and pentode phosphate pathway
Two specific life cycles of bacteriophages
Lytic: production of massive numbers of new virions until the cell lyses
Lysogenic: virus integrates into the host genome as a provirus or prophage which can then reproduce along with the cell
Microfilaments
Composed of actin and cause muscle contraction along with myosin and help with cells age furrow during cytokinesis in mitosis
Microtubules
Composed of tubulin and create pathways for kinesin and dynein and help with cilia and flagella
