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Cell The Unit of Life Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

1st dead cell was discovered by?

A

Robert Hooke in cork

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2
Q

Who 1st saw and described a live cell?

A

Anton Von Leeuwenhoek

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3
Q

Who disc nucleus

A

Robert brown

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4
Q

Matthias schleiden was a

A

Botanist

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5
Q

Length of mycoplasma

A

0.1-0.3 micrometer

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7
Q

Theodore Schwann was a

A

Zoologist

Proposed that bodies of plants and animals are composed of cells Nd products of cells

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8
Q

Fluid Mosaic model give by

A

Singer and Nicholson

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9
Q

Who said omni cellula e cellula

A

Rudolf Virchow

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10
Q

Size of human red blood cell and what are it’s lipid protein %

A

Size 7 micrometer

52% protein and 40% lipid

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11
Q

Which organelle is absent in higher plants cells

A

Centrioles

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12
Q

Fluid nature is imp for functions like

A

Cell growth, formation of intercellular junctions, endocytosis, secretion and cell division

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13
Q

Sandwich or trimellar model of biomembrane was given by

A

Davison and Danielle

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15
Q

Unit membrane model given by

A

Robertson

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16
Q

In prokaryotes instead of cholesterol what is present?

A

Hopanoids(pentacyclic sterol)

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17
Q

Totally buried intrinsic protein are called

A

Tunnel or channel proteins

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18
Q

What is the function of peripheral protein

A

They have enzymatic functions.

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19
Q

Who carries out cell to cell recognition mechanisms

A

Oligosaccharides of glycolipids and glycoproteinson outer surface of plasma mem.
Eg- fertilisation,blood antigens.

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20
Q

Thin elastic wall made of cellulose hemicellulose and pectin, diminishes as cell matures, capable of growth.

A

Primary wall

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21
Q

What provides fluidity to PM

A

Phospholipid layer because phospholipids are rich in unsaturated fatty acids that are liquid in nature

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22
Q

Rigid thick, made of cellulose hemicellulose lectionary,inside of primary wall(towards cell membrane) , absent in meristem cells

A

Secondary wall S1,S2,S3.

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23
Q

Tertiary wall is only present in

A

Tracheids of gymnosperm

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24
Q

Common layer bet two plant cells

A

Middle lamella

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25
Q

Plant cell was materials are synthesised by

A

Plant goldi bodies or dictyosomes

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26
Q

Formation of cellulose occurs in

A

Cell membrane

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27
Q

Plamodesmata name is proposed by

A

Strasburger

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28
Q

Term cytoplasm was given by

A

Strasburger

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29
Q

ER is often termed as

A

System of membranes

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30
Q

What type of ribosomes are present on rough ER and how are they bound to it.

A

80S . Bound by their larger subunit white the help of two glycoproteins (Ribophorin 1&2)

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31
Q

Rough ER is involved in

A

Protein synthesis and secretion .

In liver pancreas and goblet cells.

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32
Q

Smooth is concerned with

A

Glycogen and lipid metabolism. Adipose tissue, interstitial cells, glycogen storing liver cells and adrenal cortex

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34
Q

Which type of ribosomes are present in choloroplast and mitochondria

A

70S (50S+30S)

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35
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum stores what

A

Ca ions

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36
Q

Nuclear membrane is formed by

A

ER

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37
Q

Formation of lysosomes, golgibodies and some micro bodies is done by

A

ER

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38
Q

Which enzyme in ER function in detoxification of drugs and other toxins

A

Cytochrome P450

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39
Q

Who provides precursor of secretory material for Golgi body

A

ER

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40
Q

Golgi bodies rich in lipids are also called as

A

Lipochondria

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41
Q

Where is zone of exclusion

A

Around Golgi bodies

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42
Q

Dense opaque material inside cisternae is called

A

Nodes

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43
Q

Convex surface of cisternae which is towards the nucleus is called

A

Cis face or forming face

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45
Q

Concave surface towards the membrane is called

A

Trans face or maturing face

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46
Q

Who spcarries our glycosylation and glycosidation of proteins?

A

Golgibodies

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47
Q

Who is known as director of macromolecular tragic in cell or middle men of cell

A

Golgi complex

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48
Q

Formation of lysosomes is collective function of

A

ER and golgibodies

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49
Q

Cell plate (phragmoplast) is done by

A

Golgi bodies

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50
Q

Formation of acrosomes during spermiogenesis is done by

A

Golgi bodies

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51
Q

Which organelle is full of hydrologic enzymes

A

Lysosomes

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52
Q

Lysosomes are absent in

A

Mammalian RBCs

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53
Q

In plant cells what functions as lysosome

A

Vacuoles

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54
Q

In bacteria what functions as lysosome

A

Periplasmic space

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55
Q

Lysosome are filled with how many types of hydrolases and what are they called

A

50 types called acid hydrolases

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56
Q

Which is the highly polymorphic organelle

A

Lysosome

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57
Q

What is the function of primary lysosome or storage granule

A

Storage of inactive enzymes

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58
Q

Digestive vacuoles are also called

A

Heterophagosomes or secondary lysosomes

59
Q

What are residual bodies

A

Lysosomes containing undigested material

60
Q

Lysosomes containing cell organelles to be digestion are called

A

Autophagosomes

61
Q

What are the 4 types of lysosomes

A
  1. Primary lysosomes or storage granules
  2. Digestive vacuoles or heterophagosomes
  3. Residual bodies
  4. Autophagosomes
62
Q

How is tail of tadpole of frog digested during metamorphosis

A

Cathepsin of lysosome does that

63
Q

Vacuole is bound by single membrane called

A

Tonoplast

64
Q

In plants the concentration of ions is higher in vacuoles or in cytoplasm?

A

In vacuoles

65
Q

In amoeba excretion is done by

A

Contractile vacuole

66
Q

Food vacuoles at epresent in

A

Protists

67
Q

Lysosomal enzymes are active at which ph

A

5

68
Q

How many mitochondria are present in microasterias, Chlorella fusca(alga)

A

1

69
Q

In higher animals max mitochondria are present in

A

flight muscles of birds

70
Q

Cell within cell

A

Mitochondria

71
Q

Fats are converted into carbohydrate by and through

A

By glyoxysomes and through glycolate acid cycle

73
Q

Which stain stains mitochondria

A

Janus green B

74
Q

Both cilia and flagella emerge from centriole like structure called

A

Basal bodies or blepheroplast

76
Q

Oxysomes or elementary or head particles were disc by

A

Fernandez Moran

77
Q

Which part of mitochondria has enzyme for Krebs cycle

A

Mitochondrial matrix

78
Q

What type of DNA is present in mitochondrial matrix

A

Single, double stranded and circular naked DNA.

79
Q

Mitochondrial DNA is rich in which content

A

G-C content

80
Q

Size of ribosomes

A

15-20nm

81
Q

What helps in stability of membrane structure

A

Cholesterol as it is more rigid that phospholipids.

82
Q

Size of bacteria

A

3-5 micrometer

83
Q

Which enzymes for replication and transcription of DNA are found in mitochondrial matrix

A

DNA polymerase and rna polymerase

84
Q

Which are fat soluble carotenoid pigments found in chromoplasts

A

Carotene and xanthophylls

85
Q

Chromoplast occur mainly in

A

Pericarp and petals

86
Q

Chromoplast occurs in petal but colour of petals is mainly due to

A

Water soluble pigments in cell sap

Eg . Anthocynins

87
Q

What are types of leucoplast and what do they store

A

Amyloplast store starch
Aleuroplast store proteins
Elaioplast store fats and oils

88
Q

Which membrane of chloroplast is relatively less permeable

A

Inner one

89
Q

Flattened membranous sacs in storms of chloroplast are called

A

Thalakoids

90
Q

Stacks or piles of coins are called

A

Grand

92
Q

Photosynthesis functional unit is called

A

Quantasome located in thalykoid membrane contains 250-400 molecules of pigments

93
Q

Microtubules are composed of which protein

A

Tubulin

94
Q

Enzymes of Calvin or dark reaction are present in_______ of chloroplasts

A

Stroma

96
Q

What type of DNA is present in stroma of chloroplast

A

Double stranded circular DNA molecules

97
Q

Ribosomes are also called as

A

Engine of cells, organelle within organelle, protein factors of cell.

98
Q

Svedberg unit or sedimentation rate is indirectly a measure of

A

Density and size

99
Q

Which ion is essential for binding or ribosome units

A

Magnesium ion

100
Q

Microfilaments consists of protein

A

Actin

101
Q

Which structures work like oars

A

Cilia

102
Q

Bacterial flagella are structurally same or diff that eukaryotic flagella

A

Different

103
Q

Core of cilia or flagella is called

A

Axoneme

104
Q

Cilia and flagella consists of which array

A

9 doublet + 2 singlet

105
Q

Centrosome contains

A

2 centrioles

106
Q

What is the arrangement in centrioles

A

9+0

107
Q

Centrioles are self duplicating?

A

Yes

108
Q

Centrioles are membrane bound?

A

Nope.

109
Q

What are microbodies

A

Membrane bound minute vesicles contains various enzymes present in both plants and animals

110
Q

Arm ratio is max in which type of chromosome

A

Acrocentric

111
Q

What are the two types of microbodies?

A
  1. Peroxisomes or uricosomes

2. Glyoxysomes

112
Q

Primary constriction is present at

A

Centromere region

113
Q

What is called when several 70S ribosome attach to mRNA

A

Polyribosome or polysome or ergosome

114
Q

Which enzyme in peroxisomes is involved in peroxide metabolism

A

Catalase

115
Q

Ribosomes were 1st observed by

A

George palade

116
Q

Beta oxidation of fatty acids is done by

A

Peroxisomes

118
Q

Nucleus is stained by _________ dyes

A

Basic

119
Q

Importance of nucleus was experimentally prove by

A

Hammering by experiment on acetabularia (single called largest alga)

120
Q

Nucleus is absent in

A

Mature phloem sieve tube and mature rbcs of mammals

121
Q

Nucleolus is also known as

A

Little nucleus or ribosome factory

122
Q

The nuclear ore is guarded by octagonal discoid structure of

A

Nucleoplasmin protein

123
Q

Chromatin term is given by

A

Fleming

124
Q

How is euchromation and heterochromatin stained

A

Lightly and darkly resp.

125
Q

Nucleolus is the site for

A

R-RNA synthesis

126
Q

Shape of chromosomes is best studied at

A

Anaphase

127
Q

Size of chromosomes is best studied at

A

Metaphase

128
Q

Secondary constriction is also known as

A

NOR nuclear organiser region

129
Q

Ideograms is specific for

A

Every species

130
Q

Robert Hooke also discovered

A

Cell wall

131
Q

Protoplast is cell without

A

Cell wall

132
Q

Balbiani rings are sites of

A

RNA and protein synthesis

133
Q

Chromosomes in which chromosomes are situated close to one end

A

Acrocentric

134
Q

The solid linear cytoskeletal elements having diameter of 6nm made up of single type of monomer is called

A

Microfilaments

135
Q

Number of chromosomes in a gamete is called

A

Genome

136
Q

Which type of micro body occurs only in plants

A

Glyoxysomes especially in fatty seeds.

140
Q

Middle lamella is made of

A

Ca and Mg pectate

143
Q

Which organelles make up the endomembrane system

A

ER,goldiC,lysosomes, vacuoles

146
Q

Which phospholipid is present in inner membrane

A

Diphosphatidyl glycerol

156
Q

Mitochondria divide by

A

Binary fission

170
Q

Who first observed densely stained reticular structure near nucleus

A

Camilo Golgi observed Golgi bodies

172
Q

Head or oxysomes is concerned with

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

190
Q

Outer membrane of mitochondria has more

A

Phospholipids (phophatidyl choline)

Biology (7 decks)

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