Cell The Unit of Life Flashcards
1
Q
1st dead cell was discovered by?
A
Robert Hooke in cork
2
Q
Who 1st saw and described a live cell?
A
Anton Von Leeuwenhoek
3
Q
Who disc nucleus
A
Robert brown
4
Q
Matthias schleiden was a
A
Botanist
5
Q
Length of mycoplasma
A
0.1-0.3 micrometer
7
Q
Theodore Schwann was a
A
Zoologist
Proposed that bodies of plants and animals are composed of cells Nd products of cells
8
Q
Fluid Mosaic model give by
A
Singer and Nicholson
9
Q
Who said omni cellula e cellula
A
Rudolf Virchow
10
Q
Size of human red blood cell and what are it’s lipid protein %
A
Size 7 micrometer
52% protein and 40% lipid
11
Q
Which organelle is absent in higher plants cells
A
Centrioles
12
Q
Fluid nature is imp for functions like
A
Cell growth, formation of intercellular junctions, endocytosis, secretion and cell division
13
Q
Sandwich or trimellar model of biomembrane was given by
A
Davison and Danielle
15
Q
Unit membrane model given by
A
Robertson
16
Q
In prokaryotes instead of cholesterol what is present?
A
Hopanoids(pentacyclic sterol)
17
Q
Totally buried intrinsic protein are called
A
Tunnel or channel proteins
18
Q
What is the function of peripheral protein
A
They have enzymatic functions.
19
Q
Who carries out cell to cell recognition mechanisms
A
Oligosaccharides of glycolipids and glycoproteinson outer surface of plasma mem.
Eg- fertilisation,blood antigens.
20
Q
Thin elastic wall made of cellulose hemicellulose and pectin, diminishes as cell matures, capable of growth.
A
Primary wall
21
Q
What provides fluidity to PM
A
Phospholipid layer because phospholipids are rich in unsaturated fatty acids that are liquid in nature
22
Q
Rigid thick, made of cellulose hemicellulose lectionary,inside of primary wall(towards cell membrane) , absent in meristem cells
A
Secondary wall S1,S2,S3.
23
Q
Tertiary wall is only present in
A
Tracheids of gymnosperm
24
Q
Common layer bet two plant cells
A
Middle lamella
25
Q
Plant cell was materials are synthesised by
A
Plant goldi bodies or dictyosomes
26
Q
Formation of cellulose occurs in
A
Cell membrane
27
Plamodesmata name is proposed by
Strasburger
28
Term cytoplasm was given by
Strasburger
29
ER is often termed as
System of membranes
30
What type of ribosomes are present on rough ER and how are they bound to it.
80S . Bound by their larger subunit white the help of two glycoproteins (Ribophorin 1&2)
31
Rough ER is involved in
Protein synthesis and secretion .
| In liver pancreas and goblet cells.
32
Smooth is concerned with
Glycogen and lipid metabolism. Adipose tissue, interstitial cells, glycogen storing liver cells and adrenal cortex
34
Which type of ribosomes are present in choloroplast and mitochondria
70S (50S+30S)
35
Sarcoplasmic reticulum stores what
Ca ions
36
Nuclear membrane is formed by
ER
37
Formation of lysosomes, golgibodies and some micro bodies is done by
ER
38
Which enzyme in ER function in detoxification of drugs and other toxins
Cytochrome P450
39
Who provides precursor of secretory material for Golgi body
ER
40
Golgi bodies rich in lipids are also called as
Lipochondria
41
Where is zone of exclusion
Around Golgi bodies
42
Dense opaque material inside cisternae is called
Nodes
43
Convex surface of cisternae which is towards the nucleus is called
Cis face or forming face
45
Concave surface towards the membrane is called
Trans face or maturing face
46
Who spcarries our glycosylation and glycosidation of proteins?
Golgibodies
47
Who is known as director of macromolecular tragic in cell or middle men of cell
Golgi complex
48
Formation of lysosomes is collective function of
ER and golgibodies
49
Cell plate (phragmoplast) is done by
Golgi bodies
50
Formation of acrosomes during spermiogenesis is done by
Golgi bodies
51
Which organelle is full of hydrologic enzymes
Lysosomes
52
Lysosomes are absent in
Mammalian RBCs
53
In plant cells what functions as lysosome
Vacuoles
54
In bacteria what functions as lysosome
Periplasmic space
55
Lysosome are filled with how many types of hydrolases and what are they called
50 types called acid hydrolases
56
Which is the highly polymorphic organelle
Lysosome
57
What is the function of primary lysosome or storage granule
Storage of inactive enzymes
58
Digestive vacuoles are also called
Heterophagosomes or secondary lysosomes
59
What are residual bodies
Lysosomes containing undigested material
60
Lysosomes containing cell organelles to be digestion are called
Autophagosomes
61
What are the 4 types of lysosomes
1. Primary lysosomes or storage granules
2. Digestive vacuoles or heterophagosomes
3. Residual bodies
4. Autophagosomes
62
How is tail of tadpole of frog digested during metamorphosis
Cathepsin of lysosome does that
63
Vacuole is bound by single membrane called
Tonoplast
64
In plants the concentration of ions is higher in vacuoles or in cytoplasm?
In vacuoles
65
In amoeba excretion is done by
Contractile vacuole
66
Food vacuoles at epresent in
Protists
67
Lysosomal enzymes are active at which ph
5
68
How many mitochondria are present in microasterias, Chlorella fusca(alga)
1
69
In higher animals max mitochondria are present in
flight muscles of birds
70
Cell within cell
Mitochondria
71
Fats are converted into carbohydrate by and through
By glyoxysomes and through glycolate acid cycle
73
Which stain stains mitochondria
Janus green B
74
Both cilia and flagella emerge from centriole like structure called
Basal bodies or blepheroplast
76
Oxysomes or elementary or head particles were disc by
Fernandez Moran
77
Which part of mitochondria has enzyme for Krebs cycle
Mitochondrial matrix
78
What type of DNA is present in mitochondrial matrix
Single, double stranded and circular naked DNA.
79
Mitochondrial DNA is rich in which content
G-C content
80
Size of ribosomes
15-20nm
81
What helps in stability of membrane structure
Cholesterol as it is more rigid that phospholipids.
82
Size of bacteria
3-5 micrometer
83
Which enzymes for replication and transcription of DNA are found in mitochondrial matrix
DNA polymerase and rna polymerase
84
Which are fat soluble carotenoid pigments found in chromoplasts
Carotene and xanthophylls
85
Chromoplast occur mainly in
Pericarp and petals
86
Chromoplast occurs in petal but colour of petals is mainly due to
Water soluble pigments in cell sap
| Eg . Anthocynins
87
What are types of leucoplast and what do they store
Amyloplast store starch
Aleuroplast store proteins
Elaioplast store fats and oils
88
Which membrane of chloroplast is relatively less permeable
Inner one
89
Flattened membranous sacs in storms of chloroplast are called
Thalakoids
90
Stacks or piles of coins are called
Grand
92
Photosynthesis functional unit is called
Quantasome located in thalykoid membrane contains 250-400 molecules of pigments
93
Microtubules are composed of which protein
Tubulin
94
Enzymes of Calvin or dark reaction are present in_______ of chloroplasts
Stroma
96
What type of DNA is present in stroma of chloroplast
Double stranded circular DNA molecules
97
Ribosomes are also called as
Engine of cells, organelle within organelle, protein factors of cell.
98
Svedberg unit or sedimentation rate is indirectly a measure of
Density and size
99
Which ion is essential for binding or ribosome units
Magnesium ion
100
Microfilaments consists of protein
Actin
101
Which structures work like oars
Cilia
102
Bacterial flagella are structurally same or diff that eukaryotic flagella
Different
103
Core of cilia or flagella is called
Axoneme
104
Cilia and flagella consists of which array
9 doublet + 2 singlet
105
Centrosome contains
2 centrioles
106
What is the arrangement in centrioles
9+0
107
Centrioles are self duplicating?
Yes
108
Centrioles are membrane bound?
Nope.
109
What are microbodies
Membrane bound minute vesicles contains various enzymes present in both plants and animals
110
Arm ratio is max in which type of chromosome
Acrocentric
111
What are the two types of microbodies?
1. Peroxisomes or uricosomes
| 2. Glyoxysomes
112
Primary constriction is present at
Centromere region
113
What is called when several 70S ribosome attach to mRNA
Polyribosome or polysome or ergosome
114
Which enzyme in peroxisomes is involved in peroxide metabolism
Catalase
115
Ribosomes were 1st observed by
George palade
116
Beta oxidation of fatty acids is done by
Peroxisomes
118
Nucleus is stained by _________ dyes
Basic
119
Importance of nucleus was experimentally prove by
Hammering by experiment on acetabularia (single called largest alga)
120
Nucleus is absent in
Mature phloem sieve tube and mature rbcs of mammals
121
Nucleolus is also known as
Little nucleus or ribosome factory
122
The nuclear ore is guarded by octagonal discoid structure of
Nucleoplasmin protein
123
Chromatin term is given by
Fleming
124
How is euchromation and heterochromatin stained
Lightly and darkly resp.
125
Nucleolus is the site for
R-RNA synthesis
126
Shape of chromosomes is best studied at
Anaphase
127
Size of chromosomes is best studied at
Metaphase
128
Secondary constriction is also known as
NOR nuclear organiser region
129
Ideograms is specific for
Every species
130
Robert Hooke also discovered
Cell wall
131
Protoplast is cell without
Cell wall
132
Balbiani rings are sites of
RNA and protein synthesis
133
Chromosomes in which chromosomes are situated close to one end
Acrocentric
134
The solid linear cytoskeletal elements having diameter of 6nm made up of single type of monomer is called
Microfilaments
135
Number of chromosomes in a gamete is called
Genome
136
Which type of micro body occurs only in plants
Glyoxysomes especially in fatty seeds.
140
Middle lamella is made of
Ca and Mg pectate
143
Which organelles make up the endomembrane system
ER,goldiC,lysosomes, vacuoles
146
Which phospholipid is present in inner membrane
Diphosphatidyl glycerol
156
Mitochondria divide by
Binary fission
170
Who first observed densely stained reticular structure near nucleus
Camilo Golgi observed Golgi bodies
172
Head or oxysomes is concerned with
Oxidative phosphorylation
190
Outer membrane of mitochondria has more
Phospholipids (phophatidyl choline)
