CELL THE UNIT OF LIFE Flashcards
Anything less than a complete structure of a cell is not having independent existence, true or false?
True
What is another name of blue-green algae?
Cynobacteria (anabena, nostoc).
The division of labor takes place in multicellular organism. True or False?
True.
Who observed cell wall for the first time?
Robert Hook In 1665. Cork cell (dead cell) of oak tree (Quercus sober).
Robert hooke published his findings in which book?
Micrographia in 1665.
Who discovered living cell?
Anton von luewenhoek.
Who discovered the nucleus?
Robert Brown in the root cells of orchids.
Who discovered nucleolus and it was named by whom.
Discovered by Fontana and named by Bowman.
What observations were made by Scleiden?
Scleiden worked on different parts of plants and observed that plants are made up of different kind of cells which ultimately forms tissue.
What were the statements given by Schwann?
- Animal cells are surrounded by thin outer covering, which is today known as plasma membrane or cell membrane or plasma lemma.
- Cell wall is the unique feature of plant cell.
- Schwann hypothesized that the body of plants and animals are made of cells and products of cells.
What is the limitation of cell theory?
One of the major limitations of cell theory is that it fails to explain the origin of cell.
What was the role of Rudolf virchow in the cell theory?
Rudolf virchow gave the cell lineage theory.
“ Omnis cellula e cellula” means all cells arise from pre-existing cells.
Unit membrane bound cells are present in prokaryotes.
True or false.
False. In case of prokaryotes unit membrane bound cells are absent.
Prokaryotes shows compartmentalization. True or false.
False. Compartmentalisation is absent in prokaryotes.
What type of envelop system is present in prokaryotes?
Single envelop system
Do eukaryotes shows compartmentalization?
Yes. Unit membrane bound cells are present and hence compartmentalisation occurs.
What type of envelop system is present in eukaeyotes?
Double envelop system.
What type of genetic material is present in prokaryotes?
Double stranded, circular, closed, GC rich, devoid of histone, remains suspended in cytoplasm.
The genetic material of prokaryotes is wrapped around what?
Polyamine.
What is Genophore?
Genetic material of prokaryotes.
What type of genetic material is present in eukaryotes?
Double stranded, linear, AT Rich, wrapped around histone, present inside nucleus.
What is histone?
Low molecular weight, globular basic protein around which DNA is wrapped.
Why is histone basic?
Because of ARGININE AND LYSINE (basic amino acids).
what are the shapes in which bacteria can be found?
- Coccus (spherical)
- Bacillus (rod shaped)
- Vibrio (comma shaped)
- Spirillum (spiral)
What are the layers of the cell envelop of a bacteria?
- Glycocalyx
- Cell wall
- cell membrane
What is glycocalyx made up of?
mainly polysaccride
What is the function of capsule type glycocalyx?
It provides virulence or pathogenity to the cell and helps the cell to escape the host immune system.
what is the outermembrane of gram negative layer made up of?
Lipopolysaccride(LPS), phospolipid, and protein.
Which is the only locomotary structure in structure?
Flagella
What is Atrichous bacteria?
Bacteria with no Flagella.
What is amphitrichous bacteria?
Bacteria having 2 flagella.
What is monotrichous bacteria?
Bacteria having one flagella
What is peritrichous bacteria?
Bacteria having flagella on its whole surface. EX. E.COLI, SALMONELLA, CLOSTRIDIUM.
How many rings are present in the basel body of gram-negative bacteria?
4 rings. L, P, S, M
How many rings are present in the Basel body of gram-positive bacteria?
Two rings. S and M
What is Pilli?
Elongated tubulur structure coming out of cell wall.
Pilli is made of which protein?
Pillin protein
What is the function of pilli?
Helps in conjucation
What is the result of conjucation?
As a result of conjucation, F- bacteria/ sterile bacteria/female turns into F+ bacteria/ fertile bacteria/male .
What is fimbrae?
A small bristle like structure is prouting out of cell.
What is the function of fimbrae?
Helps in attachment of bacteria to host Or rock surface.
What is genophore?
This is double-stranded GC rich circular DNA associated with RNA , polyamine and non histone protein.
What is plasmid?
This is extra chromosome, self-replicating, Small, double-stranded, GC rich, circular DNA having non vital genes.
What is the function of R. plasmid?
Gives resistance against antibiotics.
What is the function of F.plasmid?
Makes bacteria fertile.
What is the function of Ti plasmid?
This is tumour inducing plasmid, present in Agarobacterium Tumifaciens.
What is another name of ribosomes?
Palace particle (organelle within an organelle).
What is the chemical composition of ribosomes?
They are chemically ribonuleo protein (RNP).
What type of ribosomes are present in prokaryotic cell?
70s (larger unit- 5+23s rRNA)
(Smaller unit- 16s rRNA)
What is the size of ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?
80s (larger unit- 5+5.8+28s rRNA)
(Smaller unit- 18s rRNA)
What is the location of ribosomes in prokaryotes?
Either bond to plasma nembrane and synthesizes secretary protein or remains free in cytoplasm and synthesizes protein for cell.
What are chromatophore?
These are membrane-bound structures filled with photosynthetic Pigment and remains suspended in the cytoplasm, in case of BGA purplebacteria, green bacteria.
How are chromatophores formed?
They are formed by the invagination of plasma membrane.
What is polysome/ polyribosome/ergosome?
4-8 ribosomes remain bound to one mRNA in case of prokaryotes to form polysome/ polyribosome/ergosome.
What are inclusion bodies?
These are reserved food material either directly suspended in the cytoplasm or remains enclosed by non unit membrane.
Name the “without membranes” inclusion in bodies.
- Cyanophycean starch
- Phosphate granule
- Glycogen granule
Name the “non unit membrane bound “ inclusion bodies?
- Sulphur granule
- Poly beta hydroxy butyrate granule
- Gas vacuole/ psuedovacuole
