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11th Biology > Cell: The Unit of Life > Flashcards

Cell: The Unit of Life Flashcards

1
Q

Who discovered dead cell?

A

Robert Hooke

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2
Q

Who discovered living cell?

A

Anton Von Leeuwenhoek

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3
Q

Who discovered the nucleus?

A

Robert Brown

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4
Q

Who formulated cell theory?

A

Matthias Schleiden & Theodore Schwann

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5
Q

Who proposed the hypothesis that the bodies of animals and plants are composed of cells and products of cells?

A

Theodore Schwann

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6
Q

What did Rudolf Virchow explain?

A

He explained that cells divided and new cells are formed from pre-existing cells.

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7
Q

Types of cell:

A

Prolaryotic and Eukaryotic.

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8
Q

What kind of nucleus does a Prokaryotic cell has?

A

Not-well defined nucleus

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9
Q

The smallest cell

A

Mycoplasma

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10
Q

The longest cell

A

Nerve cell (Neuron)

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11
Q

The largest single cell

A

Ostrich egg

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12
Q

Prokaryotic cell classification

A

•Bacteria
•Blue-green algae
•Mycoplasma
•PPLO

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13
Q

Basic shapes of bacteria:

A

•Bacillus
•Coccus
•Vibrio
•Spirillum

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14
Q

Name the term of the shape-shifting character of Bacteria.

A

Pleiomorphic Nature

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15
Q

Smallest cell without cell wall:

A

Mycoplasma

only 0.3micro metre in length

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16
Q

Smallest cell with cell wall:

A

Bacteria

3 - 5 micro meter

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17
Q

Cell envelope:

A

•Glycocalyx
•Cell wall
•Cell membrane

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18
Q

Which part provides shape and protection to a cell?

A

Cell wall

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19
Q

What is cell wall made of?

A

Peptido glycan

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20
Q

Unicellular organisms are capable of:

A

•Indepandent existence.
•Performing the essential functions of life,

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21
Q

Which is the fundamental structural and functional unit of all living organisms?

A

Cell

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22
Q

Who found the plasma membrane?

A

Theodore Swchwann

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23
Q

The dense membrane bound structure inside each cell is called__________.

A

Nucleus

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24
Q

Cells that have membrane bound nucleus?

A

Eukaryotic

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25
Cells that lack membrane bound nucleus?
Prokaryotic
26
Which semi-fluid liquid occupies the volume of the cell?
Cytoplasm
27
Which is the main arena of cellular activities in both plants and animals?
Cytoplasm
28
Which is the non membrane bound cell in both plants and animals?
Ribosomes
29
Ribosome are found in
•Chloroplast •Mitochondria •Endoplasmic reticulum
30
The non membrane bound organelles found in animal cell :
Centrosome
31
The smaller DNA in the Prokaryotic cell is called________.
Plasmids
32
Plasmids are resistant to__________.
Antibodies
33
According to the staining procedure bacteria are classified into:
•Gram positive •Gram negative
34
Plasma membranes in Prokaryotic cells are____________
Selectively permeable
35
Which membranous structure is formed by the extentions of plasma membrane into the cell?
Mesosome
36
The membranes extensions into the cytoplasm in cyanobacteria:
Chromatospores
37
From where does the thin filamentous extentions arise? What are the extentsons called as?
Cell wall, Flagella
38
Composition of bacterial flagellum:
•Filament •Hook •Basal body
39
Which is the longest portion in the bacterial flagellum?
Filament
40
What hypothesis did Schwann propose about the bodies of animals and plants?
the bodies of plants and animals are composed of cells and product of cells.
41
What are the membrane bound organelles in eukaryotic cells?
*Endoplasmic reticulum *Golgi Apparatus *lysosomes *Mitochondria *Microbodies *Vacuoles
42
At which parts of the cell ribosomes are present?
*Cytoplasm *Mitochondria *Rough ER *Chloroplast
43
What is the other non-membrane bound structure found in Animal cell?
Centrosome ## Footnote Helps in cell division
44
Which prokaryote does not have a cell wall?
Mycoplasma
45
Functions of Mesosomes:
Helps in: * Cell wall formation * DNA replication * Respiration * Distribution of daughter cell * Secretion process * Increases the surface area of Plasma membrane and Enzymic content
46
Which surface structure of the body does not play a role in motality?
* Pili * Fimbriae ## Footnote Pili - Elongated tubular structure Fimbriae - Bristle like structure
47
# Ribosomes and Inclusion bodies The ribosomes are associated with the ________ of the cell. ## Footnote They are 15nm -20nm in size
Plasma Membrane
48
# Ribosomes and Inclusion bodies Ribosomes are the site of ________ Synthesis.
Protein | The ribosomes of a polysome translate the mRNA into proteins
49
# Ribosomes and Inclusion bodies Several ribosomes attach to a single mRNA and form a chain called ____________.
Polyribosomes or polysomes
50
# Ribosomes and Inclusion bodies Where are the reserve material stored in prokaryotic cell?
Inclusion Bodies | In the cytoplasm. ## Footnote They dont have a cell membrane so they lie freely in the cytoplasm.
51
Eukaryotes Types:
* Protists * Plants * Animals * Fungi
52
Eukaryotic organism's genetic materials are organised into___________.
Chromosomes
53
What are absent in an animal cell which are present in plant cell?
* Cell wall * Plastids * Vacoules
54
What is absent in a plant cell that is present in an animal cell?
Centrioles
55
# Cell Membrane The detailed structure of the membrane was studied after the invention of ________ in the 1950s.
Electron microscope
56
# Cell Membrane Chemical studies on the cell membrane enabled the scientist to deduce the possible structure of ____________. ## Footnote it was mostly studied in the Human RBCs
Plasma membrane
57
# Cell Membrane cell membrane are mainly composed of:
* Proteins * Lipids ## Footnote Major Lipid - Phospholipid
58
# Cell Membrane How are the phospholipids arranged?
they are arranged in a Bilayer ## Footnote The lipids are arranged within the membrane with the polar head towards the outer sides and the hydrophobic tail (non polar) towards the inner part. This is to protect the tail from aqueous environment.
59
# Cell Membrane What does phospholipids contain?
cholesterol
60
# Cell Membrane Does the ratio of proteins and lipids vary?
Yes | In humans, the membrane of the erythrocyte has 52% protein and 40% lipid
61
# Cell Membrane How membrane proteins classified based on extraction?
* Intergral protein - Lie on the surface * Peripheral protein - buried in the membrane
62
# Cell Membrane Who proposed the fluid mosaic model? ## Footnote It is the improved model of the structure of cell membrane.
Singer and Nicolson (1972)
63
# Cell Membrane The ability of the lipid to move within the membrane is measured as its ____________.
Fluidity
64
# Cell Membrane What is the most important function of plasma membrane?
Its ability to transport the molecules across it. | The membrane is semi-permeable
65
# Cell Membrane What are the different types of transport?
* Active Transport - Energy Independent * Passive Transport - Energy Dependent
66
# Cell Membrane Water moves across the membrane from the ________ concentration to the ____ concentration.
Higher to lower
67
# Cell Membrane Movement of water by diffusion_________.
Osmosis
68
# Cell wall A non living rigid structure____________.
Cell wall
69
# Cell wall Cell wall of a young plant cell_______.
Primary wall
70
# Cell wall The primary wall is capable of ________.
Growth
71
# Cell wall Which holds the neighbouring cells together?
Calcium petate | Location - Middle Lamella
72
# Cell wall The cell wall and the middle lamella are transversed by ___________.
Plasmodesmata
73
# Endomembrane system Organelles in the endocrane system:
* Endoplasmic reticulum * Golgi bodies * Lysomes * Vacoules
74
# Endomembrane system Why are the organelles are called as endocrane system?
Because their functions are co-ordinated

11th Biology (5 decks)

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