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11th Biology > Cell: The Unit of Life > Flashcards

Cell: The Unit of Life Flashcards

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1
Q

Who discovered dead cell?

A

Robert Hooke

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2
Q

Who discovered living cell?

A

Anton Von Leeuwenhoek

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3
Q

Who discovered the nucleus?

A

Robert Brown

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4
Q

Who formulated cell theory?

A

Matthias Schleiden & Theodore Schwann

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5
Q

Who proposed the hypothesis that the bodies of animals and plants are composed of cells and products of cells?

A

Theodore Schwann

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6
Q

What did Rudolf Virchow explain?

A

He explained that cells divided and new cells are formed from pre-existing cells.

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7
Q

Types of cell:

A

Prolaryotic and Eukaryotic.

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8
Q

What kind of nucleus does a Prokaryotic cell has?

A

Not-well defined nucleus

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9
Q

The smallest cell

A

Mycoplasma

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10
Q

The longest cell

A

Nerve cell (Neuron)

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11
Q

The largest single cell

A

Ostrich egg

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12
Q

Prokaryotic cell classification

A

•Bacteria
•Blue-green algae
•Mycoplasma
•PPLO

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13
Q

Basic shapes of bacteria:

A

•Bacillus
•Coccus
•Vibrio
•Spirillum

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14
Q

Name the term of the shape-shifting character of Bacteria.

A

Pleiomorphic Nature

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15
Q

Smallest cell without cell wall:

A

Mycoplasma

only 0.3micro metre in length

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16
Q

Smallest cell with cell wall:

A

Bacteria

3 - 5 micro meter

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17
Q

Cell envelope:

A

•Glycocalyx
•Cell wall
•Cell membrane

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18
Q

Which part provides shape and protection to a cell?

A

Cell wall

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19
Q

What is cell wall made of?

A

Peptido glycan

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20
Q

Unicellular organisms are capable of:

A

•Indepandent existence.
•Performing the essential functions of life,

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21
Q

Which is the fundamental structural and functional unit of all living organisms?

A

Cell

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22
Q

Who found the plasma membrane?

A

Theodore Swchwann

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23
Q

The dense membrane bound structure inside each cell is called__________.

A

Nucleus

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24
Q

Cells that have membrane bound nucleus?

A

Eukaryotic

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25
Q

Cells that lack membrane bound nucleus?

A

Prokaryotic

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26
Q

Which semi-fluid liquid occupies the volume of the cell?

A

Cytoplasm

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27
Q

Which is the main arena of cellular activities in both plants and animals?

A

Cytoplasm

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28
Q

Which is the non membrane bound cell in both plants and animals?

A

Ribosomes

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29
Q

Ribosome are found in

A

•Chloroplast
•Mitochondria
•Endoplasmic reticulum

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30
Q

The non membrane bound organelles found in animal cell :

A

Centrosome

31
Q

The smaller DNA in the Prokaryotic cell is called________.

A

Plasmids

32
Q

Plasmids are resistant to__________.

A

Antibodies

33
Q

According to the staining procedure bacteria are classified into:

A

•Gram positive
•Gram negative

34
Q

Plasma membranes in Prokaryotic cells are____________

A

Selectively permeable

35
Q

Which membranous structure is formed by the extentions of plasma membrane into the cell?

A

Mesosome

36
Q

The membranes extensions into the cytoplasm in cyanobacteria:

A

Chromatospores

37
Q

From where does the thin filamentous extentions arise? What are the extentsons called as?

A

Cell wall, Flagella

38
Q

Composition of bacterial flagellum:

A

•Filament
•Hook
•Basal body

39
Q

Which is the longest portion in the bacterial flagellum?

A

Filament

40
Q

What hypothesis did Schwann propose about the bodies of animals and plants?

A

the bodies of plants and animals are composed of cells and product of cells.

41
Q

What are the membrane bound organelles in eukaryotic cells?

A

*Endoplasmic reticulum
*Golgi Apparatus
*lysosomes
*Mitochondria
*Microbodies
*Vacuoles

42
Q

At which parts of the cell ribosomes are present?

A

*Cytoplasm
*Mitochondria
*Rough ER
*Chloroplast

43
Q

What is the other non-membrane bound structure found in Animal cell?

A

Centrosome

Helps in cell division

44
Q

Which prokaryote does not have a cell wall?

A

Mycoplasma

45
Q

Functions of Mesosomes:

A

Helps in:
* Cell wall formation
* DNA replication
* Respiration
* Distribution of daughter cell
* Secretion process
* Increases the surface area of Plasma membrane and Enzymic content

46
Q

Which surface structure of the body does not play a role in motality?

A
  • Pili
  • Fimbriae

Pili - Elongated tubular structure
Fimbriae - Bristle like structure

47
Q

Ribosomes and Inclusion bodies

The ribosomes are associated with the ________ of the cell.

They are 15nm -20nm in size

A

Plasma Membrane

48
Q

Ribosomes and Inclusion bodies

Ribosomes are the site of ________ Synthesis.

A

Protein

The ribosomes of a polysome translate the mRNA into proteins

49
Q

Ribosomes and Inclusion bodies

Several ribosomes attach to a single mRNA and form a chain called ____________.

A

Polyribosomes or polysomes

50
Q

Ribosomes and Inclusion bodies

Where are the reserve material stored in prokaryotic cell?

A

Inclusion Bodies

In the cytoplasm.

They dont have a cell membrane so they lie freely in the cytoplasm.

51
Q

Eukaryotes Types:

A
  • Protists
  • Plants
  • Animals
  • Fungi
52
Q

Eukaryotic organism’s genetic materials are organised into___________.

A

Chromosomes

53
Q

What are absent in an animal cell which are present in plant cell?

A
  • Cell wall
  • Plastids
  • Vacoules
54
Q

What is absent in a plant cell that is present in an animal cell?

A

Centrioles

55
Q

Cell Membrane

The detailed structure of the membrane was studied after the invention of ________ in the 1950s.

A

Electron microscope

56
Q

Cell Membrane

Chemical studies on the cell membrane enabled the scientist to deduce the possible structure of ____________.

it was mostly studied in the Human RBCs

A

Plasma membrane

57
Q

Cell Membrane

cell membrane are mainly composed of:

A
  • Proteins
  • Lipids

Major Lipid - Phospholipid

58
Q

Cell Membrane

How are the phospholipids arranged?

A

they are arranged in a Bilayer

The lipids are arranged within the membrane with the polar head towards the outer sides and the hydrophobic tail (non polar) towards the inner part.
This is to protect the tail from aqueous environment.

59
Q

Cell Membrane

What does phospholipids contain?

A

cholesterol

60
Q

Cell Membrane

Does the ratio of proteins and lipids vary?

A

Yes

In humans, the membrane of the erythrocyte has 52% protein and 40% lipid

61
Q

Cell Membrane

How membrane proteins classified based on extraction?

A
  • Intergral protein - Lie on the surface
  • Peripheral protein - buried in the membrane
62
Q

Cell Membrane

Who proposed the fluid mosaic model?

It is the improved model of the structure of cell membrane.

A

Singer and Nicolson (1972)

63
Q

Cell Membrane

The ability of the lipid to move within the membrane is measured as its ____________.

A

Fluidity

64
Q

Cell Membrane

What is the most important function of plasma membrane?

A

Its ability to transport the molecules across it.

The membrane is semi-permeable

65
Q

Cell Membrane

What are the different types of transport?

A
  • Active Transport - Energy Independent
  • Passive Transport - Energy Dependent
66
Q

Cell Membrane

Water moves across the membrane from the ________ concentration to the ____ concentration.

A

Higher to lower

67
Q

Cell Membrane

Movement of water by diffusion_________.

A

Osmosis

68
Q

Cell wall

A non living rigid structure____________.

A

Cell wall

69
Q

Cell wall

Cell wall of a young plant cell_______.

A

Primary wall

70
Q

Cell wall

The primary wall is capable of ________.

A

Growth

71
Q

Cell wall

Which holds the neighbouring cells together?

A

Calcium petate

Location - Middle Lamella

72
Q

Cell wall

The cell wall and the middle lamella are transversed by ___________.

A

Plasmodesmata

73
Q

Endomembrane system

Organelles in the endocrane system:

A
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Golgi bodies
  • Lysomes
  • Vacoules
74
Q

Endomembrane system

Why are the organelles are called as endocrane system?

A

Because their functions are
co-ordinated

11th Biology (5 decks)

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