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11th Biology > Biomolecules > Flashcards

Biomolecules Flashcards

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1
Q

Bio-molecules:

What are biomolecules?

A

Chemicals or molecules present in the living organism are called Bio-molecules

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2
Q

Bio-molecules:

Types of bio-molecules:

A
  • Macro-molecule
  • Micro-molecule
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3
Q

Bio-molecules:

Characteristics of Macro-molecule:

A
  • Acid In-soluble pool
  • Eg: Proteins and Polysachrides
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4
Q

Bio-molecules:

Characteristics of Micro-molecule:

A
  • Acid soluble pool
  • Eg: Ions, amino acids, Sugar, nucleotides
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5
Q

Chemical Analysis:

According to the experiment acid soluble and acid insoluble pool are called as________ and ___________.

A

Filterate and retentate

Filterate - 18-800 daltons
Retentate - >800

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6
Q

Analysing inorganic compound:

How to analyse inorganic part of the component?

A
  • A small amount of living tissue is taken and is dried so that all the water present evaporates.
  • If the tissue is** burnt **all the carbon compounds are oxidised to gaseous form and are removed.
  • The remaining part is called as ash and it contains inorganic substances.
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7
Q

Inorganic compounds like sulphate, phosphate,etc can be seen in _____________.

A

Acid soluble pool

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8
Q

Amino Acids:

What are Amino acids?

A

Amino acids are organic compound consisting of Amino group and acetic group as substituents of the same carbon i.e alpha carbon.

They are also called as alpha amino-acids.

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9
Q

Amino Acids:

Amino acids are ___________.

A

Substituted methanes

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10
Q

Amino Acids:

The four substituent groups:

A
  • Hydrogen
  • Carboxyl group
  • Amino group
  • Variable group (represented by R)
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11
Q

Amino Acids:

according to the R group there are ____ types of protein.

A

20

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12
Q

Amino Acids:

Based on the R-group
1. Hydrogen
2. Methyl
3. Hydroxy methyl

A
  1. Glycine
  2. Alanine
  3. Serine
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13
Q

Amino Acids:

Name an alchoholic acetic acid:

A

Serine

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14
Q

Amino Acids:

Based on the number of amino and carboxyl groups it is categorised into:

A
  • Acid (Glutamic acid)
  • Basic (Lysine)
  • Neutral (Valine)
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15
Q

Amino Acids:

Aromatic amino acids:

A
  • Tyrosine
  • Tryptophan
  • Phenylalanine
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16
Q

Proteins

What are proteins?

A
  • Proteins are polypeptides
  • They are polymers of amino acid.
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17
Q

Proteins

What are proteins?

A
  • Proteins are polypeptides
  • They are polymers of amino acid.
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18
Q

Proteins

What are proteins?

A
  • Proteins are polypeptides
  • They are polymers of amino acid.
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19
Q

Proteins

What is the structure of protein?

A

Proteins are linear chained amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

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20
Q

Proteins

________ are the source of essential amino acids.

A

Dietary Proteins

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21
Q

Proteins

Most abundant protein in the animal world:

A

Collagen

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22
Q

Most abundant protein in the whole biosphere:

A

RuBisCO

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23
Q

Proteins are not ____

A

Homopolymer

They are heteropolymer

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24
Q

Proteins

Proteins are not ____

A

Homopolymer

They are heteropolymer

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25
Q

Proteins

Most abundant protein in the whole biosphere:

A

RuBisCO

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26
Q

Proteins:

A
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27
Q

Proteins:

Proteins are not ____

A

Homopolymer

They are heteropolymer

28
Q

Proteins:

Most abundant protein in the whole biosphere:

A

RuBisCO

29
Q

Proteins:

Most abundant protein in the animal world:

A

Collagen

30
Q

Proteins:

________ are the source of essential amino acids.

A

Dietary Proteins

31
Q

Proteins:

What is the structure of protein?

A

Proteins are linear chained amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

32
Q

Proteins:

What are proteins?

A
  • Proteins are polypeptides
  • They are polymers of amino acid.
33
Q

Proteins:

What is Homopolymer?

A

A single type of monomer repeatedly for ‘n’ number of times.

34
Q

Structure of proteins:

The sequence of amino acid is called________.

A

Primary Structure

Protein is imagined as a line

35
Q

The left end and the right end is represented as

A

first and the last amino acid

36
Q

Structure of proteins:

The left end and the right end is represented as

A

first and the last amino acid

37
Q

Structure of proteins:

The first amino acid is called as _________

A

N-terminal

38
Q

Structure of proteins:

The last amino acid is called ___________.

A

C-terminal

39
Q

In proteins only________ helices are seen.

In proteins only________ helices are seen.

A
40
Q

In proteins only________ helices are seen.

A
41
Q

Structure of proteins:

In proteins only________ helices are seen.

A

Right-handed

42
Q

Structure of proteins:

Other regions of the protein chains are folded into different forms called as __________

A

Secondary structure

43
Q

Structure of proteins:

  • Intra-polypeptide (alpha helix)
  • Inter-polypeptide (Beta plated sheet)
A
  • Hydrogen bond is outside
  • Hydrogen bond is inside
44
Q

Structure of proteins:

Examples for:
1. Alpha helix-
2. Beta plated sheet-

A
  1. Keratin
  2. Silk fibre
45
Q

Structure of proteins:

Tertiary structure:

A

Long chained proteins that are folded upon itself like a round wooden ball

46
Q

Structure of proteins:

Importance of Tertiary structure:

A
  • It is the most stable
  • Necessary for all biological activities
  • It has both alpha-Helix and Beta-plated sheet
  • Eg: Enzymes
47
Q

Structure of proteins:

A
48
Q

Structure of proteins:

A
49
Q

Structure of proteins:

Example of Quarternary structure:

A

Adult human Haemoglobin

50
Q

Structure of proteins:

Example of Quarternary structure:

A

Adult human Haemoglobin

consists of 2 subunits

It has 2 alpha helix and 2 beta plated sheet++

51
Q

Classification of protein:

Classification of protein:

A
  • Simple protein
  • Conjugated protein
  • Derived protein
52
Q

Classification of protein:

Types of simple protein with Example:

A
  • Fibrous protein (Collagen)
  • Globular protein (Haemoglobin, Histone, Albumin)
53
Q

Classification of protein:

Is
1. Fibrous protein
2. Globular protein
soluble in water?

A
  1. No
  2. Yes
54
Q

Classification of protein:

Types of conjugated protein:

A
  • Chromoprotein
  • Nucleoprotein
  • Lipoprotein
  • Phosphoprotein
55
Q

Classification of protein:

Examples for:
1. Chromoprotein
2. Nucleoprotein
3. Lipoprotein
4. Phosphoprotein

A

1.Haemoglobin
2.Chromatin
3.Cell membrane
4.Pepsin

56
Q

Classification of protein:

Derived proteins:

A
  • Peptides
  • Protiase
57
Q

Proteins:

Essential elements in proteins:

A
  • Hydrogen
  • Oxygen
  • Nitrogen
  • Carbon

NOTE: most proteins also contain Sulphur

58
Q

Lipids:

Lipids are generally__________.

A

Water insoluble

59
Q

Lipids:

Types of fatty acids:

A
  • Saturated
  • Unsaturated
60
Q

Lipids:

Saturated fatty acids:

A
  • No double bond
  • They are stable
  • Solid at room temperature
  • Animal fat
61
Q

Lipids:

Unsaturated fatty acid:

A
  • Both double and triple bond
  • unstable
  • Liquid
  • Vegetable fat
62
Q

Lipids:

Types of Unsaturated fatty acids:

A
  • MUFA- Mono Unsaturated Fatty Acids
  • PUFA- Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids
63
Q

Lipids:

PUFA eg:

A
  • Lenoleic acid (18 carbons)
  • Lenolenic acid (18 carbons)
  • Arachidonic acid (20 carbons)
64
Q

Lipids:

MUFA eg:

A

collic acid

65
Q

Lipids:

____________ is essential fatty acids.

A

Unsaturated fatty acids

11th Biology (5 decks)

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