Biomolecules

Question 1

Bio-molecules:

What are biomolecules?

Answer 1

Chemicals or molecules present in the living organism are called Bio-molecules

Question 2

Bio-molecules:

Types of bio-molecules:

Answer 2

• Macro-molecule
• Micro-molecule

Question 3

Bio-molecules:

Characteristics of Macro-molecule:

Answer 3

• Acid In-soluble pool
• Eg: Proteins and Polysachrides

Question 4

Bio-molecules:

Characteristics of Micro-molecule:

Answer 4

• Acid soluble pool
• Eg: Ions, amino acids, Sugar, nucleotides

Question 5

Chemical Analysis:

According to the experiment acid soluble and acid insoluble pool are called as________ and ___________.

Answer 5

Filterate and retentate

Filterate - 18-800 daltons
Retentate - >800

Question 6

Analysing inorganic compound:

How to analyse inorganic part of the component?

Answer 6

• A small amount of living tissue is taken and is dried so that all the water present evaporates.
• If the tissue is** burnt **all the carbon compounds are oxidised to gaseous form and are removed.
• The remaining part is called as ash and it contains inorganic substances.

Question 7

Inorganic compounds like sulphate, phosphate,etc can be seen in _____________.

Answer 7

Acid soluble pool

Question 8

Amino Acids:

What are Amino acids?

Answer 8

Amino acids are organic compound consisting of Amino group and acetic group as substituents of the same carbon i.e alpha carbon.

They are also called as alpha amino-acids.

Question 9

Amino Acids:

Amino acids are ___________.

Answer 9

Substituted methanes

Question 10

Amino Acids:

The four substituent groups:

Answer 10

• Hydrogen
• Carboxyl group
• Amino group
• Variable group (represented by R)

Question 11

Amino Acids:

according to the R group there are ____ types of protein.

Answer 11

20

Question 12

Amino Acids:

Based on the R-group
1. Hydrogen
2. Methyl
3. Hydroxy methyl

Answer 12

1. Glycine
2. Alanine
3. Serine

Question 13

Amino Acids:

Name an alchoholic acetic acid:

Answer 13

Serine

Question 14

Amino Acids:

Based on the number of amino and carboxyl groups it is categorised into:

Answer 14

• Acid (Glutamic acid)
• Basic (Lysine)
• Neutral (Valine)

Question 15

Amino Acids:

Aromatic amino acids:

Answer 15

• Tyrosine
• Tryptophan
• Phenylalanine

Question 16

Proteins

What are proteins?

Answer 16

• Proteins are polypeptides
• They are polymers of amino acid.

Question 17

Proteins

What are proteins?

Answer 17

• Proteins are polypeptides
• They are polymers of amino acid.

Question 18

Proteins

What are proteins?

Answer 18

• Proteins are polypeptides
• They are polymers of amino acid.

Question 19

Proteins

What is the structure of protein?

Answer 19

Proteins are linear chained amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

Question 20

Proteins

________ are the source of essential amino acids.

Answer 20

Dietary Proteins

Question 21

Proteins

Most abundant protein in the animal world:

Answer 21

Collagen

Question 22

Most abundant protein in the whole biosphere:

Answer 22

RuBisCO

Question 23

Proteins are not ____

Answer 23

Homopolymer

They are heteropolymer

Question 24

Proteins

Proteins are not ____

Answer 24

Homopolymer

They are heteropolymer

Question 25

# Proteins Most abundant protein in the whole biosphere:

Answer 25

RuBisCO

Question 26

# Proteins:

Question 27

# Proteins: Proteins are not ____

Answer 27

Homopolymer | They are heteropolymer

Question 28

# Proteins: Most abundant protein in the whole biosphere:

Answer 28

RuBisCO

Question 29

# Proteins: Most abundant protein in the animal world:

Answer 29

Collagen

Question 30

# Proteins: ________ are the source of essential amino acids.

Answer 30

Dietary Proteins

Question 31

# Proteins: What is the structure of protein?

Answer 31

Proteins are linear chained amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

Question 32

# Proteins: What are proteins?

Answer 32

* Proteins are polypeptides * They are polymers of amino acid.

Question 33

# Proteins: What is Homopolymer?

Answer 33

A single type of monomer repeatedly for 'n' number of times.

Question 34

# Structure of proteins: The sequence of amino acid is called________.

Answer 34

Primary Structure | Protein is imagined as a line

Question 35

The left end and the right end is represented as

Answer 35

first and the last amino acid

Question 36

# Structure of proteins: The left end and the right end is represented as

Answer 36

first and the last amino acid

Question 37

# Structure of proteins: The first amino acid is called as _________

Answer 37

N-terminal

Question 38

# Structure of proteins: The last amino acid is called ___________.

Answer 38

C-terminal

Question 39

# In proteins only________ helices are seen. In proteins only________ helices are seen.

Question 40

In proteins only________ helices are seen.

Question 41

# Structure of proteins: In proteins only________ helices are seen.

Answer 41

Right-handed

Question 42

# Structure of proteins: Other regions of the protein chains are folded into different forms called as __________

Answer 42

Secondary structure

Question 43

# Structure of proteins: * Intra-polypeptide (alpha helix) * Inter-polypeptide (Beta plated sheet)

Answer 43

* Hydrogen bond is outside * Hydrogen bond is inside

Question 44

# Structure of proteins: Examples for: 1. Alpha helix- 2. Beta plated sheet-

Answer 44

1. Keratin 2. Silk fibre

Question 45

# Structure of proteins: Tertiary structure:

Answer 45

Long chained proteins that are folded upon itself like a round wooden ball

Question 46

# Structure of proteins: Importance of Tertiary structure:

Answer 46

* It is the most stable * Necessary for all biological activities * It has both alpha-Helix and Beta-plated sheet * Eg: Enzymes

Question 47

# Structure of proteins:

Question 48

# Structure of proteins:

Question 49

# Structure of proteins: Example of Quarternary structure:

Answer 49

Adult human Haemoglobin

Question 50

# Structure of proteins: Example of Quarternary structure:

Answer 50

Adult human Haemoglobin | consists of 2 subunits ## Footnote It has 2 alpha helix and 2 beta plated sheet++

Question 51

# Classification of protein: Classification of protein:

Answer 51

* Simple protein * Conjugated protein * Derived protein

Question 52

# Classification of protein: Types of simple protein with Example:

Answer 52

* Fibrous protein (Collagen) * Globular protein (Haemoglobin, Histone, Albumin)

Question 53

# Classification of protein: Is 1. Fibrous protein 2. Globular protein soluble in water?

Answer 53

1. No 2. Yes

Question 54

# Classification of protein: Types of conjugated protein:

Answer 54

* Chromoprotein * Nucleoprotein * Lipoprotein * Phosphoprotein

Question 55

# Classification of protein: Examples for: 1. Chromoprotein 2. Nucleoprotein 3. Lipoprotein 4. Phosphoprotein

Answer 55

1.Haemoglobin 2.Chromatin 3.Cell membrane 4.Pepsin

Question 56

# Classification of protein: Derived proteins:

Answer 56

* Peptides * Protiase

Question 57

# Proteins: Essential elements in proteins:

Answer 57

* Hydrogen * Oxygen * Nitrogen * Carbon | NOTE: most proteins also contain Sulphur

Question 58

# Lipids: Lipids are generally__________.

Answer 58

Water insoluble

Question 59

# Lipids: Types of fatty acids:

Answer 59

* Saturated * Unsaturated

Question 60

# Lipids: Saturated fatty acids:

Answer 60

* No double bond * They are stable * Solid at room temperature * Animal fat

Question 61

# Lipids: Unsaturated fatty acid:

Answer 61

* Both double and triple bond * unstable * Liquid * Vegetable fat

Question 62

# Lipids: Types of Unsaturated fatty acids:

Answer 62

* MUFA- Mono Unsaturated Fatty Acids * PUFA- Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Question 63

# Lipids: PUFA eg:

Answer 63

* Lenoleic acid (18 carbons) * Lenolenic acid (18 carbons) * Arachidonic acid (20 carbons)

Question 64

# Lipids: MUFA eg:

Answer 64

collic acid

Question 65

# Lipids: ____________ is essential fatty acids.

Answer 65

Unsaturated fatty acids