Cell Test Revision

Question 1

Active Transport

Answer 1

The use of energy by the cell to transport particles across membranes.

Question 2

Bi-layer

Answer 2

Two layers of phospholipids that make up the cell membrane.

Question 3

Carrier protein

Answer 3

a protein that transports substances across a cell membrane

Question 4

Cell

Answer 4

The basic unit of structure and function in living things

Question 5

Cell Membrane

Answer 5

A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.

Question 6

Cell Wall

Answer 6

A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms.
- gives the cell structure

Question 7

Channel Proteins

Answer 7

provide corridors that allow a specific molecule or ion to cross the membrane

Question 8

Chloroplast

Answer 8

An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs.

Question 9

Cholesterol

Answer 9

Stabilises the membrane as well as making it impermeable (not allowing fluid to pass through) to water-soluble substances.

Question 10

Concentration Gradient

Answer 10

The process of particles moving through a solution with a higher number of particles to an area with a lower number of particles.

Question 11

Cytoplasm

Answer 11

Everything inside the cell; including the organelles

Question 12

Diffusion

Answer 12

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Question 13

DNA

Answer 13

Carries genetic information of the cell. Located in the nucleus.

Question 14

Endocytosis

Answer 14

A process in which a cell engulfs extracellular material through an inward folding of its plasma membrane.

Question 15

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 15

A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another.

Question 16

Eukaryotic cell

Answer 16

cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

Question 17

Exocytosis

Answer 17

Process by which a cell releases large amounts of material

Question 18

+ is it passive or active?

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 18

diffusion of specific particles through transport proteins found in the membrane. (passive)

Question 19

Flaccid

Answer 19

cells that are floppy and loose, due to lack of water.

Question 20

glycoprotein

Answer 20

A protein with one or more carbohydrates covalently attached to it.

Question 21

Golgi Body

Answer 21

A structure in a cell that receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell.

Question 22

Hydrophillic

Answer 22

water loving

Question 23

Hydrophobic

Answer 23

Water fearing

Question 24

Hypertonic

+ what does it cause a cell to do?

Answer 24

Higher concentration of solute than another. In this solution, causes a cell to shrink (loss of water).

Question 25

Hypotonic | + what does it cause a cell to do?

Answer 25

Has a lower concentration of solute than another. In this solution, causes a cell to enlarge, and burst.

Question 26

Isotonic

Answer 26

when the concentration of two solutions is the same

Question 27

Lysed

Answer 27

The breaking down of a membrane in a cell

Question 28

Lysosome

Answer 28

Breaks down waste products in the cell.

Question 29

Membrane-bound

Answer 29

surrounded by a membrane

Question 30

Mitochondria

Answer 30

Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production

Question 31

Nucleus

Answer 31

The control centre of the cell, contains DNA

Question 32

Organelle

Answer 32

A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell

Question 33

Osmosis

Answer 33

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 34

Passive Transport

Answer 34

the movement of substances across a cell membrane WITHOUT the use of ENERGY by the cell

Question 35

Phospholipids

Answer 35

A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes, having a polar, hydrophilic head and a nonpolar, hydrophobic tail.

Question 36

Plasmolyzed

Answer 36

The process of water leaving plant cells, causing it to shrink/wilt.

Question 37

Prokaryotic Cell

Answer 37

cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

Question 38

Ribosomes

Answer 38

Makes proteins

Question 39

Semi-permeable

Answer 39

membranes that allow some substances through but not others

Question 40

Simple Diffusion

Answer 40

Diffusion that doesn't involve a direct input of energy or assistance by carrier proteins. From high concentration to low concentration.

Question 41

Surface Area : Volume

Answer 41

How much surface area is available compared to how big the cell is.

Question 42

Turgid

Answer 42

Been filled to capacity; bloated.

Question 43

Vacuole

Answer 43

Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

Question 44

Vesicle

Answer 44

Small organelles in the cell composed of a lipid bilayer. Helps with exocytosis and endocytosis.

Question 45

What's the difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

Answer 45

Prokaryotes are smaller and lack a nucleus, compared to eukaryotes, which are larger, have a nucleus, and contain membrane-bound organelles.

Question 46

Volume meaning

Answer 46

The amount of space that a substance or object occupies

Question 47

Surface Area Meaning

Answer 47

The total area of all the faces

Question 48

disadvantage of having a large volume?

Answer 48

It has a large distance from the middle to the surface.

Question 49

What is the main role of fibrous proteins?

Answer 49

go through the entire membrane and are receptors (send messages) for the cell.

Question 50

How does water pass through the membrane?

Answer 50

passes through pores which allow passage through the membrane.

Question 51

What is a glycoprotein? what do they do (1 thing)

Answer 51

A protein with carbohydrates. They identify the cell.

Question 52

Cytosol

Answer 52

The fluid part in the cell

Question 53

ATP

Answer 53

Energy used in active transport

Question 54

Does water go to high salt or low salt?

Answer 54

Water goes to high salt.

Question 55

Does an Isotonic solution cause osmosis?

Answer 55

Yes it does.

Question 56

What is the difference between facilitated diffusion and diffusion?

Answer 56

Facilitated diffusion diffuses specific particles through transport proteins, while diffusion does not use transport proteins.

Question 57

Which way does active transport move?

Answer 57

From Low to High concentration