cell test Flashcards
Prokaryotic Cells
- NO nucleas
- look empty, small, simple
- in bacteria & single cell organisms
Ribsons
responsible for proteins
Eukaryotic Cells
- HAS nucleas
- have organells (parts of a cell), very organized more complex
- In animals, plants, fungi, protis
Plant cells
- have chloroplast, cell wall, and a LARGE vacuole that stores water
- looks more geometric/rigid (square shaped)
Animal cells
- small Vacuole, no cell wall, no chloroplast
- more blob shaped
- have centrials, cholesterol, and lyosomes
3 parts of cell theory
- All living things are made of cells
- Cells are the basic unit of all life
- Cells come only from other cells
Scientists in order in cell theory
Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden, Schwann, Virchow
Robert Hooke
first person to view cells & named them cells
Leeuwenhoek
firdt person to view living cells & named them animalcules
Schleiden
determined that all plants are made of cells
Schawnn
determined that all animals are made of cells
Virchow
determined that cells come from cells by examining cell division under a microscope
Phospholipid molecule
= phosphate group + 2 fatty acid tails
hydrophillic head and hydrophobic tails so when put in water they will automatically form a bilayer
Phospholipid bilayer
permeable selectively so only things compatible with the tails (non polar things aka) can pass through
so Large & In Charge (polar) cannot pass through!
Peripheral membrane protein
on the heads of the phospholipid
Integral membrane protein
in between the tails of the phospholipid
Cholesterol of a fluid mosaic model?
embedded within the phospholipid bilayer, acting as a “temperature buffer
Simple Diffusion
passive transport, no energy needed
used for small non-polar molecules
goes with the gradient, in both directions (in & out)
Facillated Diffusion
passive transport, no energy needed
used for larger non-polar molecules
uses a transport protein!
goes with the gradient, in both directions (in & out)
Osmosis
passive transport, no energy needed
used for water molecules
uses a transport protein!
goes with the gradient, in both directions (in & out)
Sodium Potassium Pump
active transport, uses energy
used for Na+ and K+ ions
uses a transport protein!
goes against the gradient, in both directions (in & out)
Endocytosis
active transport, uses energy
used for large particles like bacteria or fluid drops
no transport protein.
N/A gradient, goes in
Exocytosis
active transport, uses energy
used for large particles like bacteria or fluid drops
no transport protein.
N/A gradient, goes out
Water Potential
the measurement of potential energy in water
Wp = solute potential + pressure potential + ….
What is the name of a substance that can be dissolved in a solvent like water?
solute
What is critical for plant structure to stay upright?
turgor pressure
Lysis vs. Plasmolysis
Lysis - plant growing bc water is entering it
Plasmolysis - plant shrinking bc water is leaving it
Remember to be able to identify parts of a microscope & how to use it!
sir yes sir
