Cell Stucture And Function Flashcards
The two types of CELLULAR etiologic agents of infectious disease are:
- Eukaryotic
2. Prokaryotic
Prokaryotic cells are also known as ___
Bacteria
The main type of A-CELLULAR etiologic agent of infectious disease is ____
Viruses
This type of A-Cellular etiologic agent is due to misfolded proteins
Prions
Name the 3 types of Eukaryotes
- Fungi
- Protozoa
- Helminths (worms)
Which 2 types of eukaryotes are known as the parasites?
- Protozoa
2. Helminths
Do prokaryotic cells (bacteria) have a nucleus?
No
Do prokaryotic cells have a cell wall?
Yes
Put these in order from smallest to largest: Bacteria, Virus, Red Blood Cell, Yeast
- Virus
- Bacteria
- Yeast
- RBC
There is no cholesterol in ____ membranes
Bacterial
___ can be formed inside bacteria, get released, and have increased heat resistance and chemical resistance
Endospores
___ are sites of protein synthesis inside prokaryotic cells
Ribosomes
Gelatinous, sticky substance surrounding the outside of a bacterial cell. Composed of polysaccharides, polypeptides, or both
Glycocalyces
Name the two types of glycocalyces
Capsule, slime layer
Which glycocalyx is highly organized, may prevent bacteria from being recognized by host and slow down phagocytosis, and has something to do with “virulence factor”?
Capsule
This type of glycocalyx has a less organized structure, is water-soluble, and its stickiness allows prokaryotes to attach to things
Slime layer
Name the structure of bacterial cells that is responsible for motility. It is not present on all bacteria, however
Flagella
Name the external structure of bacterial cells that is are sticky, bristle-like projections used for adherence to other surfaces, and shorter than flagella.
Fimbriae
This external structure of bacterial cells is a hollow tube (proteinaceous), longer than fimbriae, but shorter than flagella, typically only 1 or 2 per cell, and it’s purpose is to transfer DNA from one cell to another (conjugation)
Pili (pilus = singular)
What are the two basic types of bacterial cell walls?
- Gram positive (purple)
2. Gram negative (pink)
Name the common component of both types of bacterial cell walls
Peptidoglycan
Which type of bacterial cell wall contains a thick layer of peptidoglycan and contains unique polyalcohols called teichoic acid?
Gram-positive
Staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pyogenes are examples of gram-_____ bacteria
Positive
This type of gram-positive bacteria has up to 60% mycolic acid and actually stains pink. Examples of diseases caused by it are tuberculosis and leprosy
Acid-fast
Which type of bacterial cell wall is more complex and has a thinner peptidoglycan layer?
Gram-Negative
Name the unique thing on the exterior of the outer membrane of a gram-negative bacteria
Lipopolysaccharides
The outer membrane of gram-negative bacterial cell walls contains phospholipids, proteins, and lipopolysaccharides. This is also called _____
Endotoxin
E. Coli and Salmonella are examples of gram-____ bacteria
Negative
