Cell Stucture And Function

Question 1

The two types of CELLULAR etiologic agents of infectious disease are:

Answer 1

1. Eukaryotic

2. Prokaryotic

Question 2

Prokaryotic cells are also known as ___

Answer 2

Bacteria

Question 3

The main type of A-CELLULAR etiologic agent of infectious disease is ____

Answer 3

Viruses

Question 4

This type of A-Cellular etiologic agent is due to misfolded proteins

Answer 4

Prions

Question 5

Name the 3 types of Eukaryotes

Answer 5

1. Fungi
2. Protozoa
3. Helminths (worms)

Question 6

Which 2 types of eukaryotes are known as the parasites?

Answer 6

1. Protozoa

2. Helminths

Question 7

Do prokaryotic cells (bacteria) have a nucleus?

Answer 7

No

Question 8

Do prokaryotic cells have a cell wall?

Answer 8

Yes

Question 9

Put these in order from smallest to largest: Bacteria, Virus, Red Blood Cell, Yeast

Answer 9

1. Virus
2. Bacteria
3. Yeast
4. RBC

Question 10

There is no cholesterol in ____ membranes

Answer 10

Bacterial

Question 11

___ can be formed inside bacteria, get released, and have increased heat resistance and chemical resistance

Answer 11

Endospores

Question 12

___ are sites of protein synthesis inside prokaryotic cells

Answer 12

Ribosomes

Question 13

Gelatinous, sticky substance surrounding the outside of a bacterial cell. Composed of polysaccharides, polypeptides, or both

Answer 13

Glycocalyces

Question 14

Name the two types of glycocalyces

Answer 14

Capsule, slime layer

Question 15

Which glycocalyx is highly organized, may prevent bacteria from being recognized by host and slow down phagocytosis, and has something to do with “virulence factor”?

Answer 15

Capsule

Question 16

This type of glycocalyx has a less organized structure, is water-soluble, and its stickiness allows prokaryotes to attach to things

Answer 16

Slime layer

Question 17

Name the structure of bacterial cells that is responsible for motility. It is not present on all bacteria, however

Answer 17

Flagella

Question 18

Name the external structure of bacterial cells that is are sticky, bristle-like projections used for adherence to other surfaces, and shorter than flagella.

Answer 18

Fimbriae

Question 19

This external structure of bacterial cells is a hollow tube (proteinaceous), longer than fimbriae, but shorter than flagella, typically only 1 or 2 per cell, and it’s purpose is to transfer DNA from one cell to another (conjugation)

Answer 19

Pili (pilus = singular)

Question 20

What are the two basic types of bacterial cell walls?

Answer 20

1. Gram positive (purple)

2. Gram negative (pink)

Question 21

Name the common component of both types of bacterial cell walls

Answer 21

Peptidoglycan

Question 22

Which type of bacterial cell wall contains a thick layer of peptidoglycan and contains unique polyalcohols called teichoic acid?

Answer 22

Gram-positive

Question 23

Staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pyogenes are examples of gram-_____ bacteria

Answer 23

Positive

Question 24

This type of gram-positive bacteria has up to 60% mycolic acid and actually stains pink. Examples of diseases caused by it are tuberculosis and leprosy

Answer 24

Acid-fast

Question 25

Which type of bacterial cell wall is more complex and has a thinner peptidoglycan layer?

Answer 25

Gram-Negative

Question 26

Name the unique thing on the exterior of the outer membrane of a gram-negative bacteria

Answer 26

Lipopolysaccharides

Question 27

The outer membrane of gram-negative bacterial cell walls contains phospholipids, proteins, and lipopolysaccharides. This is also called _____

Answer 27

Endotoxin

Question 28

E. Coli and Salmonella are examples of gram-____ bacteria

Answer 28

Negative