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Ana Phy > CELL STRUCTURES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS > Flashcards

CELL STRUCTURES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS Flashcards

1
Q

are highly organized units containing organelles, which perform specific functions

A

Cells

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2
Q

contains genetic material

A

nucleus

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3
Q

the living material between the nucleus and the cell membrane

A

cytoplasm

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4
Q

forms the outer boundary of the cell.
It determines what enters and leaves the cell.

A

cell membrane

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4
Q

protect and support the body, as well as provide for cell metabolism, communication, and inheritance.

A

Cells

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4
Q

are the basic unit of life

A

Cells

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5
Q

is the movement of a solute from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration within a solvent.

A

Diffusion

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5
Q

function as membrane channels, carrier molecules, receptor molecules, enzymes, and structural components of the membrane.

A

proteins

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5
Q

composed of a double layer of phospholipid molecules in which proteins float.

A

cell membrane

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6
Q

the distribution of molecules is uniform

A

equilibrium

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6
Q

the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

A

Osmosis

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7
Q

the concentration of a solute at one point in a solvent minus the concentration of that solute at another point in the solvent divided by the distance between the points.

A

concentration gradient

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8
Q

can pass through membrane channels

A

Small molecules and ions

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9
Q

pass through the cell membrane readily by dissolving in the lipid portion of the membrane.

A

Lipid-soluble molecules

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10
Q

is the force required to prevent movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

A

Osmotic pressure

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11
Q

in ___ cells swell (and can undergo lysis);

A

hypotonic solution

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12
Q

in an ______ cells neither swell nor shrink

A

isotonic solution

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13
Q

in ______ cells shrink and undergo crenation

A

hypertonic solution

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14
Q

is the movement of a substance across a membrane by means of a carrier molecule.

A

Carrier-mediated transport

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15
Q

moves substances from a higher to a lower concentration and does not require energy in the form of ATP

A

Facilitated diffusion

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16
Q

can move substances from a lower to a higher concentration and requires ATP.

A

Active transport

17
Q

is the movement of materials into cells by the formation of a vesicle

A

Endocytosis

18
Q

uses the energy of une substance moving down its concentration gradient to move another substance across the cell membrane.

In cotransport, both substances move in the same direction; in countertransport, they move in opposite directions.

A

Secondary active transport

19
Q

is the secretion of materials from cells by vesicle formation.

A

Exocytosis

20
Q

consists of two separate membranes that
form nuclear pores at many points on the surface of the nucleus

A

nuclear envelope

21
Q

DNA and associated proteins are found inside the nucleus as chromatin.

DNA is the hereditary material of the cell and controls cell activities.

A

DNA

21
Q

Nucleoli consist of RNA and proteins and are the sites of ribosomal subunit assembly.

A

mao rana oy huhuuu

22
Q

are the sites of protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

23
Q

is ER with ribosomes attached. It is a major site of protein synthesis.

A

Rough ER

24
Q

is composed of one large and one small subunit

A

ribosome

25
Q

does not have ribosomes attached and is a major site of lipid synthesis.

A

Smooth ER

26
Q

is a series of closely packed membrane sacs that collect, modity, package, and distribute proteins and lipids produced by the ER.

A

Golgi apparatus

27
Q

are membrane bound sacs that carry substances. from the Golgi apparatus to the cell membrane, where the vesicle contents are released.

A

Secretory Vesicles

28
Q

are membrane-bound sacs containing enzymes.

A

Lysosomes and Peroxisomes

28
Q

are the major sites for the production of ATP, which cells use as an energy source.

A

Mitochondria

29
Q

supports the cytoplasm and organelles and is involved with cell movements.

A

cytoskeleton

30
Q

located in the centrosome, are made of microtubules.
They facilitate chromosome movement during cell division.

A

Centrioles

31
Q

is composed of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments

A

cytoskeleton

32
Q

move substances over the surface of cells

A

Cilia

33
Q

increase the surface area of cells and thus aid in absorption.

A

Microvilli

34
Q

are much longer than cilia and propel sperm cells.

A

Flagella

35
Q

is regulated hy enzymes (proteins), and DNA controls enzyme production.

A

Cell activity

36
Q

the sequence of nucleotides in DNA (a gene) determines the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA; the mRNA moves through the nuclear pores to ribosomes.

A

During transcription

36
Q

the sequence of codons in mRNA is used at ribosomes to produce proteins. Anticodons of tRNA bind to the codons of mRNA, and the amino acids carried by tRNA are joined to form a protein.

A

During translation

37
Q

The two phases of the cell cycle are

A

interphase and cell division

37
Q

DNA replicates during interphase, the ______

A

nondividing phase of the cell cycle

37
Q

consists of a series of events that produce new cells. for growth and for tissue repair.

A

cell cycle

37
Q

occurs through mitosis

A

Cell division

38
Q

Cell division occurs through mitosis, which is divided into four stages:

A
  • Prophase
  • Metaphase
  • Anaphase
  • Telophase
39
Q

is the programmed death of cells. Apoptosis regulates the number of cells within various tissues of the body.

A

Apoptosis

39
Q

the process by which cells develop specialized structures and functions, results from the selective activation and inactivation of DNA sections.

A

Differentiation

39
Q

may be due to the presence of “cellular clocks”, the function of “death genes,” DNA damage, free radicals, or mitochondrial damage.

A

Aging

Ana Phy (7 decks)

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