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ANAPHY > Cell Structures and Their Functions > Flashcards

Cell Structures and Their Functions Flashcards

1
Q

Contains genetic material of cell (DNA) and nucleoli; site of RNA Synthesis and ribosomal subunit assembly

A

NUCLEUS

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2
Q

Site of protein synthesis

A

RIBOSOMES

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3
Q

Has many ribosomes attached; site of protein synthesis

A

ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ROUGH ER)

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4
Q

Site of Lipid synthesis; participates in detoxification

A

SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

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5
Q

Modifies protein structure and packages proteins in secretory vesicles

A

GOLGI APPARATUS

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6
Q

Contains materials produced in the cell; formed by the golgi apparatus; secreted by exocytosis

A

SECRETORY VESICLE

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7
Q

Contain enzymes that digest material taken into the cell; formed by golgi apparatus

A

LYSOSOME

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8
Q

Breaks down fatty acids, amino acids, and hydrogen peroxide

A

PEROXISOME

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9
Q

Site of aerobic respiration and the major site of ATP synthesis

A

MITOCHONDRION

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10
Q

Supports cytoplasm, assists in cell division and forms components of cilia and flagella

A

MICROTUBULE

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11
Q

Move substances over surface of certain cells

A

CILIA

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12
Q

Facilitate the movement of chromosomes during cell division

A

CENTRIOLES

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13
Q

Propel sperm cell

A

FLAGELLA

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14
Q

Increase surface area of certain cells

A

Microvilli

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15
Q

Substances outside the cell

A

EXTRACELLULAR SUBSTANCES

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16
Q

Substances inside the cell

A

CYTOPLASMIC OR INTRACELLULAR

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17
Q

(1) Supporting the cell contents, (2) acting as a selective barrier that determines what moves into and out of cell, (3) playing a role in communication between cells

A

FUNCTIONS OF CELL MEMBRANE

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18
Q

The membrane is primarily made up of two major types of molecules:

A

PHOSPOLIPIDS, PROTEINS

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19
Q

Water fearing

A

HYDROPHOBIC

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20
Q

Cell membrane are selectively _______

A

PERMEABLE

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21
Q

They allow substance, but not others, to pass in or out of the cells

A

PERMEABLE

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22
Q

Does not require the cell to expend energy

A

PASSIVE MEMBRANE TRANSPORT

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23
Q

Require the cell to expend energy

A

ACTIVE MEMBRANE TRANSPORT

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24
Q

(1) Diffusion, (2) Osmosis, (3) Facilitated diffusion

A

PASSIVE MEMBRANE TRANSPORT MECHANISMS

25
Q

(1) Active transport, (2) secondary active transport, (3) Endocytosis, (4) Exocytosis

A

ACTIVE MEMBRANE TRANSPORT MECHANISMS

26
Q

Solute tend to move from an area where it is in higher concentration to lower concentration

A

DIFFUSION

27
Q

Difference in the concentration of solute in a solvent

A

CONCENTRATION GRADIENT

28
Q

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane, such as the cell membrane

A

OSMOSIS

29
Q

The force required to prevent the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane

A

OSMOTIC PRESSURE

30
Q

Solution has a lower concentration of solutes and a higher concentration of water relative to the cytoplasm

A

HYPOTONIC

31
Q

If the cell swells enough, it can rupture, a process called

A

LYSIS

32
Q

The concentrations of various solutes and water are the same on both side of the cell membrane

A

ISOTONIC

33
Q

Water moves by osmosis from the cell into the hypertonic solution, resulting in __

A

CELL SHRINKAGE OR CRENATION

34
Q

A mediated transport process

A

FACILITATED DIFFUSION

35
Q

Two classes of cell membrane

A

LEAK CHANNELS AND GATED CHANNELS

36
Q

Allows ions to pass through

A

LEAK CHANNELS

37
Q

Limit the movement of ions across the membrane by opening and closing

A

GATED CHANNELS

38
Q

Can move water soluble molecules or electrically charges ions across the cell membrane

A

CARRIER MOLECULES

39
Q

A genetic disorder that affects the active transport of CL- into cells

A

CYSTIC FIBROSIS

40
Q

The diffusing substances moves in the same direction

A

COTRANSPORT

41
Q

The diffusing substance moves in a direction opposite of that of the transported substance

A

COUNTERTRANSPORT

42
Q

Membrane bounds sacs

A

VESICLES

43
Q

The uptake of material through the cell membrane by the formation of a vesicle

A

ENDOCYTOSIS

44
Q

Endocytosis usually exhibits specificity, through the process of

A

RECEPTOR-MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS

45
Q

Endocytosis when solid particles are ingested.

A

PHAGOCYTOSIS

46
Q

Smaller vesicles are formed, and they contain liquid rather than solid particles

A

PINOCYTOSIS

47
Q

The release of substances from the cell through the fusion of a vesicle with the cell membrane

A

EXOCYTOSIS

48
Q

A substance is taken into the cell by endocytosis, the vesicle is moved across the cell, and the substance is then released from the cell by exocytosis

A

TRANSCYTOSIS

49
Q

Consist of an outer membrane and an inner membrane with a narrow space between them

A

NUCLEAR ENVELOPE

50
Q

Passageways through which materials move into or out of the nucleus

A

NUCLEAR PORES

51
Q

How many pairs does Chromosomes have?

A

23

52
Q

Caused by the inability of lysosomal enzymes to break down the carbohydrate hydrogen

A

POMPE DISEASE

53
Q

The inner membrane have numerous folds

A

CRISTAE

54
Q

The material within the inner membrane

A

MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX

55
Q

Increase the surface area of cells and thus aid in absorption

A

MICROVILLI

56
Q

4 Stages of Mitosis

A

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

57
Q

The programmed death of cells

A

Apoptosis

58
Q
A

ANAPHY (3 decks)

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