Cell Structures Flashcards
What’s the function of ciliates epithelial cells?
To push and move mucus
What’s the thin hairs on the surface of ciliated epithelial cells called?
Cilia
What specific part of ciliated epithelial cells push and moves mucus up the trachea?
Cilia
Give one similarity and one difference between the bacteria cell and an animal cell.
Similarity- they both contain a cell membrane and ribosomes
Differences- bacteria cells don’t contain a nucleus to hold DNA, animals do.
Animal cells don’t have a flagellum or a cell wall, bacterial cells
What’s the function of the tail in a sperm cell?
To allow the sperm to move to the egg cell
Why does the sperm cell need a mid piece containing mitochondria?
Because the mitochondria releases energy needed to swim and fertilise the egg cell
Where’s the genetic material for fertilisation found?
In the haploid nucleus in the head
What does the enzymes in the acrosome do
Allows the sperm to penetrate the egg
Where’s the chromosomal DNA found in a bacterial cell?
Loose in the cytoplasm. Not contained within a nucleus
Where’s plasmid DNA found in the bacteria cell and what’s it’s function?
It’s found in the cytoplasm in small closed-circles and can move from one bacterium to another giving variation.
How many flagella can a bacterial cell have and what’s it’s function in a bacterial cell?
A bacteria cell can have one or more flagellum and they can move in a whip-like motion to move the bacterium
How do bacterium cells multiply?
By a binary fission
What’s does eukaryotic mean?
The cell has a nucleus and other structures surrounded by membranes
Give the function of cytoplasm
Where most chemical reactions happen
Give the function of the cell membrane
Controls the movement of what goes in and out of the cell
Give the function of mitochondria
Where most energy is released in respiration
Give the function of ribosomes
Where protein synthesis occurs
What type of microscope can see ribosomes?
Electron
give the function of the nucleus
Controls cells activity
What does the nucleus contain?
Genetic material- including DNA
What does cytoplasm contain?
Dissolved nutrients and salts and structures called organelles
How does the cell membrane control what substances moves in and out of the cell?
It’s permeable to some substances but not to others, therefore controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell
What does mitochondrion contain?
Organelles that contain enzymes for respiration
Is the cell wall the outer wall or inner wall in a plant
Outer
What does the green pigment (chlorophyll) in chloroplasts do?
Absorbs light energy for photosynthesis
What’s the function of chloroplasts?
Where photosynthesis occurs
What’s the green pigment in chloroplasts called?
Chlorophyll
What does the cell wall provide the plant?
Structure and protection
What are cell walls made from?
Cellulose
What’s the function of the vacuole in a plant cell?
Filled with cell sap to help keep the cell swollen
Give the organelles in a plant cell
Nucleus
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Chloroplasts
Permanent vacuole
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Give the organelles in an animal cell
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Ribosome
What does prokaryotic mean?
They don’t have a nucleus or any other structures which are surrounded by membranes
What type of cell are plant cells?
Prokaryotic and single-celled
How do eukaryotic cells multiply?
Mitosis
How many sperm cells are made?
Millions
