Cell Structure Recall Questions KS5 Booklet. Flashcards
- What are the inner folds of mitochondria called?
- cristae - helps increase surface area
- What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?
- A group of fluid - filled membrane -bound sacs
- vesicles are seen at the edges.
- it processes and packages new lipids and proteins
- make lysosomes
- modify and transforms vesicles from the ER
- What is the function of a lysosome?
- involved in the immune response during phagocytosis
- contains digestive enzymes called lysozymes and used to digest invading cells or to break down worn out components of the cell. (Digestion and hydrolysis)
- What is the function of a ribosome?
Location where protein is made for use in cytoplasm. - carries out translation during photosynthesis using tRNA
- Describe the difference between smooth & rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Rough
- system of membranes enclosing a fluid- filled space
- surface is covered with ribosomes
- folds and processes proteins that have been made at the ribosomes.
Smooth
- no ribosomes at surface
- synthesises and processes lipids (lipid synthesis)
- cells that secrete lipids/ carbohydrates/ steroids have an excess of SER
- What makes up the cell wall of plants & algae?
Cellulose
- Why would an epithelial cell in the small intestine need lots of mitochondria?
- for aerobic respiration
- they release lots of energy
- for active transport of the amino acids, glucose,etc
- Describe the function of the nucleolus.
- converts genetic info encoded by DNA into proteins
- location of where ribosomes are made which are used to transcribe proteins for the cell in translation.
- What is the function of the nucleus?
- controls transcription of DNA
- it has pores which allows substances like RNA to move out
- outer membrane slowly forms int endoplasmic reticulum .
- What is the function of the mitochondria?
- site of where aerobic respiration occurs. - produces ATP as an energy source.
- What is the function of the centriole?
Help chromosomes separate during cells division
- help determine the location of the nucleus and other organelles within the cell,
List three differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cells.
1 - no membrane bound organelles
2 - no nucleus
3 - smaller ribosomes
4 - cell wall made of Murien
What is plasmid
- a loop of DNA not part of main chromosomal DNA e.g - genes for antibiotic resistance
- not in all bacteria
Why does a bacterial cell have a slime capsule.
- to protect cell from physical and chemical attacks.
- stickiness of the capsule promotes cell adhesion to surfaces, a survival advantage.
- also protects cell from phagocytosis.
What replicates in binary fission
- chromosomal DNA replicates once
- plasmids may replicate many times
What is found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells
No membrane bound organelles
Smaller ribosomes
What is the flagellum
Long hair like structures that rotates to make the prokaryotic cell move
Not all prokaryotes have them and some may have more than one
What is circular DNA
Long coiled strand of DNA that is not attached to a histone
Viral replication
1 - virus detects host cell by recognizing protein markers - attaches to the host cell using attachment proteins
2 - virus injects genetic material into the cells
3 - cell reproduces genetic material and reads it creating new viral proteins
4 - virus then leaves cells.
What kind of radiation is used in electron microscopes
Beam of electrons
When and why would you use a TEM (transmission electron microscope)
- to view this specimen
- at high resolution
- to see small objects
Why is a stain used when prepaeraing a slide
- highlights objects in a cell so you are able to see certain organelles more clearly
Why does a specimens need to be thin when preparing a slide.
- allows light to pass through so the object can be seen clearly.
