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Cell structure and organisation > Cell structure (plants and animals) > Flashcards

Cell structure (plants and animals) Flashcards

1
Q

membranous structures in cytoplasm known as

A

internal cell membranes

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2
Q

organelle

A

specialised structure with a specific function inside a cell

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3
Q

eukaryotic cells having organelles means

A

-harmful chemicals concentrated in one area
-large SA for attachment of enzymes
-transport system inside the cell

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4
Q

size of animal cell

A

10-30 µm

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5
Q

size of plant cell

A

10-100µm

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6
Q

mitochondria size

A

1-10µm

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7
Q

how many membranes in mitochondria

A

2

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8
Q

inner and outer membrane fold inwards to form

A

cristae

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9
Q

cristae function

A

increase SA for attachment of respiration enzymes

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10
Q

matrix

A

solution of many compounds(proteins, lipids) and enzymes

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11
Q

DNA in mitochondria

A

small circle of DNA, allows replication and coding for proteins and RNA

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12
Q

mitochondria ribosomes

A

70s, used for protein synthesis

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13
Q

mitochondria function

A

produce ATP in aerobic respiration in either matrix or inner membrane
high SA:V ratio due to being cylinder= reduces diffusion distance

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14
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

extensive system of parallel double membrane forming flattened sacs with cisternae
connected with nuclear envelope so allows transport

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15
Q

cisternae

A

interconnected, fluid filled spaces between flattened sacs

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16
Q

rough er

A

ribosomes outside and transports proteins made there

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17
Q

rough er function

A

present in protein synthetic cells, eg. amylase makers

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18
Q

smooth er

A

no ribosomes

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19
Q

smooth er function

A

synthesis and transport of lipids and steroids

20
Q

cells with large quantities of carbs, proteins and fats have

A

an extensive ER

21
Q

ribosome sizes in eukaryotic vs prokaryotic

A

70s in prokaryotic
80s in eukaryotic- single or attached to membranes on RER

22
Q

ribosome structure

A

1 large, 1 small subunit assembled in the nucleolus from RNA and protein

23
Q

where are ribosomes found

A

free in cytoplasm or bound to er

24
Q

ribosome function

A

protein synthesis: site of translation, mRNA and tRNA are used to assemble pp chain

25
Q

golgi apparatus structure

A

compact version of er
series of dynamic flattened sacs which package proteins for secretion

26
Q

dynamic flattened sacs of golgi

A

pp vesicles pinch from RER and fuse with the membranes

27
Q

golgi apparatus secretion

A

at the other end of the GA, vesicles are pinched off and carry proteins to fuse with membranes, secreting proteins

28
Q

golgi apparatus function

A

-producing secretory enzymes and carbs
-transport and store lipids
producing glycoprotein
-forming lysosomes

29
Q

lysosome function

A

small, single celled temporary vacuoles that isolate potentially harmful digestive enzymes
they are released when the cell needs to recycle organelles or digest material

30
Q

centrioles structure

A

in all animal cells outside the nucleus
2 rings of microtubules= hollow perpendicular cylinders, known as centrosome

31
Q

centriole function

A

organise the microtubules that make the spindle fibres in cell division

32
Q

chloroplasts

A

highly concentrated in the palisade mesophyll cells bellow upper surface of plant
aid with photosynthesis

33
Q

chloroplast structure

A

double membrane- chloroplast envelope
stroma- fluid filled with some starch and liquid
thylakoids- flattened sacs stacked in pieces called grana, contains
pigments
70s ribosomes+circular DNA

34
Q

vacuoles in plants

A

plants- large consisting of fluid filled, single membrane sac
—-> contains cell sap
supports soft plant tissue

35
Q

cell sap content

A

vitamins
minerals
amino acids
glucose
pigments

36
Q

vacuoles in animals

A

small temporary vesicles formed during phagocytosis

37
Q

nucleus size

A

10-20µm

38
Q

nucleus structure

A

spherical, contains DNA and protein
double membrane= nuclear envelope
nucleoplasm- contains chromatin
nucleolus- 1+ spherical bodies

39
Q

DNA+ protein

A

chromosomes

40
Q

chromatin

A

coils of DNA bound to protein which condense to form chrosomes

41
Q

nuclear envelope adaptation

A

pores allow large molecules like mRNA and ribosomes to enter

42
Q

nucleolus function

A

site of formation of rRNA

43
Q

what organelles are only in plants

A

**chloroplasts
**plasmodesmata
tonoplast
**cell wall
**large permanent vacuole

44
Q

plants and animal cells both have

A

-cell surface membrane
-membrane bound nucleus
-nucleolus
-chromatin
-mitochondria
-RER and SER
-ribosomes
-golgi body

45
Q

what organelles are only in animal

A

lysosome
centriole

Cell structure and organisation (4 decks)

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