Cell structure (plants and animals) Flashcards
membranous structures in cytoplasm known as
internal cell membranes
organelle
specialised structure with a specific function inside a cell
eukaryotic cells having organelles means
-harmful chemicals concentrated in one area
-large SA for attachment of enzymes
-transport system inside the cell
size of animal cell
10-30 µm
size of plant cell
10-100µm
mitochondria size
1-10µm
how many membranes in mitochondria
2
inner and outer membrane fold inwards to form
cristae
cristae function
increase SA for attachment of respiration enzymes
matrix
solution of many compounds(proteins, lipids) and enzymes
DNA in mitochondria
small circle of DNA, allows replication and coding for proteins and RNA
mitochondria ribosomes
70s, used for protein synthesis
mitochondria function and adaptation
produce ATP in aerobic respiration in either matrix or inner membrane
high SA:V ratio due to being cylinder= reduces diffusion distance
endoplasmic reticulum
extensive system of parallel double membrane forming flattened sacs with cisternae
connected with nuclear envelope so allows transport
cisternae
interconnected, fluid filled spaces between flattened sacs
rough er
ribosomes outside and transports proteins made there
what kind of cells
rough er location
present in protein synthetic cells, eg. amylase makers
smooth er
no ribosomes
smooth er function
synthesis and transport of lipids and steroids
cells with large quantities of carbs, proteins and fats have
an extensive ER
ribosome sizes in eukaryotic vs prokaryotic
70s in prokaryotic
80s in eukaryotic- single or attached to membranes on RER
ribosome structure
1 large, 1 small subunit assembled in the nucleolus from RNA and protein
where are ribosomes found
free in cytoplasm or bound to er
ribosome function
protein synthesis: site of translation, mRNA and tRNA are used to assemble pp chain
