Cell Structure & Organisation Flashcards
What is a cell?
A cell is a basic unit of life.
A cell can grow, reproduce, respond to external signals, process energy, maintain a stable internal environment, and regulate itself.
What are the two main types of cells?
Animal cells and plant cells.
These types differ in structure and function.
What are organelles?
Membrane-bound components of the cell that perform specific functions.
Examples include mitochondria, chloroplasts, and nuclei.
Define an organelle.
A membrane-bound component of the cell that performs a specific function.
Organelles are essential for various cellular processes.
List three examples of organelles.
- Mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- Nuclei
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
What is cytoplasm?
A jelly-like substance that fills the cell.
It is the site where most chemical reactions take place.
What does the nucleus control?
Most of the cell’s activities, including cell division.
Fill in the blank: The _______ is a membrane-bound component that contains genetic material.
Nucleus
True or False: Cells are made of smaller particles like atoms, molecules, and ions, which are alive.
False.
What is the structure of the cell membrane?
Forms a boundary around the cell and is partially permeable.
What is the function of mitochondria?
Site of energy production through cellular respiration.
What is the difference between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes on its surface; smooth does not.
What is the role of ribosomes?
Site of protein synthesis.
Fill in the blank: The _______ is a plant cell organelle that conducts photosynthesis.
Chloroplast
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery.
What is a vacuole’s primary function in plant cells?
Storage of substances, maintaining turgor pressure.
