Cell Structure B1.1

Question 1

What are the two types of cells

Answer 1

Eukaryotic (plant and animal)
Prokaryotic (bacteria)

Question 2

What are the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Answer 2

Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells constrain membrane bound- organelles and a nucleus containing genetic material, while prokaryotes do not.

Question 3

What is the prokaryotic cell wall composed of

Answer 3

Peptidoglycan (polymer of sugars and amino acids)
Forms the cell wall

Question 4

How is genetic information stored in a prokaryotic cell

Answer 4

Found free within the cytoplasm as:
Chromosomal DNA (single large loop of circular DNA)
Plasmid DNA

Question 5

What are plasmids

Answer 5

Small, circular loops of DNA found free in the cytoplasm and seperate from main DNA.
Carry genes that provide genetic advantages e.g antibiotic resistance

Question 6

what is the order of magnitude

Answer 6

a power to the base 10 used to quantify and compare size

Question 7

What is a centimetre (cm)

Answer 7

1 x 10-2 meters

Question 8

What is a millimetre (mm)

Answer 8

1 x 10-3 metres

Question 9

What is a micrometre (um)

Answer 9

1 x10-6 metres

Question 10

What is a nanometfe (nm)

Answer 10

1 x 10-9 metres

Question 11

What is the difference in order of magnitude between a human hair ( 100 um) and the HIV virus ( length = 100nm)

Answer 11

100 um = 10-^4 m
100nm = 10-^7m
-4-(-7) = -4 + 7 = 3

Question 12

List the components of both plant and animal cells (5)

Answer 12

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosomes

Question 13

Lost the additional cell components found in plant cells (3)

Answer 13

Chloroplasts
Permanent vacuole
Cell wall