Cell structure and specialisation Flashcards

(15 cards)

1
Q

What are eukaryotic cells partitioned by?

A

Eukaryotic cells are partitioned into compartments by their internal membranes.

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2
Q

What is the genetic control center of the cell?

A

The nucleus and ribosomes are responsible for genetic control of the cell.

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3
Q

What organelles are involved in the manufacture, distribution, and breakdown of molecules?

A

The endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and vacuoles are involved in these processes.

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4
Q

What organelles are responsible for energy processing?

A

Mitochondria (in all cells) and chloroplasts (only in plant cells) are responsible for energy processing.

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5
Q

What is the function of the cell surface membrane?

A

The cell surface membrane is made up of lipids and proteins, and is selectively permeable.

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6
Q

What is the role of the cellulose cell wall?

A

The cellulose cell wall is fully permeable, gives the cell its fixed shape, and protects the cell from injury.

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7
Q

What is cytoplasm?

A

Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance enclosed by the cell membrane where most cell activities occur.

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8
Q

What does the nucleus contain?

A

The nucleus contains genetic information in the form of chromosomes, made up of proteins and DNA.

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9
Q

What is the structure of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)?

A

The RER consists of a network of flattened spaces lined with a membrane and appears rough due to ribosomes.

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10
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

Ribosomes are essential for synthesising proteins in the cell.

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11
Q

What is the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) responsible for?

A

The SER synthesises substances such as fat and steroids and detoxifies harmful substances.

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12
Q

What is the function of the Golgi Body?

A

The Golgi Body chemically modifies, stores, and packages substances made by the ER for secretion.

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13
Q

What is the primary function of mitochondria?

A

Mitochondria are responsible for aerobic respiration, breaking down food to release energy.

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14
Q

What is the role of chloroplasts?

A

Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and are essential for photosynthesis.

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15
Q

What is a vacuole?

A

A vacuole is a fluid-filled space enclosed by a partially permeable membrane that stores substances within a cell.

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