Cell structure and specialisation Flashcards
(15 cards)
What are eukaryotic cells partitioned by?
Eukaryotic cells are partitioned into compartments by their internal membranes.
What is the genetic control center of the cell?
The nucleus and ribosomes are responsible for genetic control of the cell.
What organelles are involved in the manufacture, distribution, and breakdown of molecules?
The endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and vacuoles are involved in these processes.
What organelles are responsible for energy processing?
Mitochondria (in all cells) and chloroplasts (only in plant cells) are responsible for energy processing.
What is the function of the cell surface membrane?
The cell surface membrane is made up of lipids and proteins, and is selectively permeable.
What is the role of the cellulose cell wall?
The cellulose cell wall is fully permeable, gives the cell its fixed shape, and protects the cell from injury.
What is cytoplasm?
Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance enclosed by the cell membrane where most cell activities occur.
What does the nucleus contain?
The nucleus contains genetic information in the form of chromosomes, made up of proteins and DNA.
What is the structure of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)?
The RER consists of a network of flattened spaces lined with a membrane and appears rough due to ribosomes.
What is the function of ribosomes?
Ribosomes are essential for synthesising proteins in the cell.
What is the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) responsible for?
The SER synthesises substances such as fat and steroids and detoxifies harmful substances.
What is the function of the Golgi Body?
The Golgi Body chemically modifies, stores, and packages substances made by the ER for secretion.
What is the primary function of mitochondria?
Mitochondria are responsible for aerobic respiration, breaking down food to release energy.
What is the role of chloroplasts?
Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and are essential for photosynthesis.
What is a vacuole?
A vacuole is a fluid-filled space enclosed by a partially permeable membrane that stores substances within a cell.
