Cell structure and organisation Flashcards
Plant cell
☻ cell wall ☻ cell membrane ☻ cytoplasm ☻ nucleus ☻ chloroplast ☻ large vacuole sap
Cell wall properties
☺ found in plant cells only
☺ made of cellulose
☺ fully permeable which allows different molecules to pass through it freely
Cell wall functions
☺ support, protects and gives the cell its shape
☺ allows the freely movement of the different molecules
Cell membrane properties
☺ found in both animal and plant cells
☺ made of carbohydrates, proteins and fats
☺ semi-permeable or selectively
Cell membrane functions
☺ surrounds the cell contents
☺ controls what goes in and out of the cell
Nucleus properties
☺contains DNA which is the genetic material
Nucleus functions
☺ controls the activities of the cell
☺ controls the inherited information
Cytoplasm properties
☺consists mainly of proteins
Cytoplasm functions
☺ contains and supports the cell organelles
☺ may contain stored food
Chloroplast
properties and functions
☺ contains chlorophyll
☺ absorbs light energy and converts it into chemical energy in photosynthesis
Mitochondria
properties and functions
☺ are very small organelles
☺ site of production of energy by the process of aerobic respiration
Vacuole properties
☺consists of fluid surrounded by s membrane and the fluid is called sap which consists of nutrients and ions
Vacuole functions
☺ helps in supporting the cell
☺ regulates the absorption of water
☺ contains stored food
Ribosomes
properties and functions
☺ found on the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
☺ may be found in free cytoplasm
☺ used in synthesis of protein
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
properties and functions
☺ membranes that form sacs
☺ carry ribosomes for protein synthesis
☺ transport the formed proteins
Vesicles
properties and functions
☺ small vacuoles
☺ transport of materials
similarities in both plant and animal cells
♦ cell membrane ♦ cytoplasm ♦ nucleus ♦ mitochondria ♦ ribosomes ♦ endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Differences between plant and animal cells
plant cell has ♣ cell wall made of cellulose ♣ a large permanent sap vacuole ♣ chloroplasts ♣ usually contains stored food
Animal cell has ♣ no cell wall ♣ small vacuoles called vesicles ♣ no chloroplasts ♣ usually contains stored glycogen
NOTICE
- cells which have no nucleus such as bacteria are prokaryotes
- prokaryotes have no mitochondria and no rough endoplasmic reticulum
- cells that contain nucleus are called eukaryotic cells
