Cell structure and organisation Flashcards
What organelles do only plant cells have?
Chloroplasts, plasmodesmata, tonoplast, large vacuole, cell wall
What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells have distinct membrane bound organelles
How is DNA stored in prokaryotic cells?
DNA is circular and lies free in the cytoplasm in a plasmid
Ribosomes are smaller than eukaryotic cells and contain murein
What is the structure of a virus?
DNA or RNA
enclosed in a protein coat
some also have a lipoprotein coat
Where does aerobic respiration occur?
In mesosomes in the plasma membrane
Mesosomes are infoldings or the membrane for increased surface area
A capsual may be present and DNA plasmids for antibiotic resistance
What differences can you see between eukaryotic, prokaryotic cells and viruses on an electron microscope?
Viruses can be distinguished by their protein capsule
Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells can be distinguished by structure and membrane bound organelles present
What organelles are present in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells?
Golgi body, nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, mitochondria, chloroplasts
What is the importance of membrane bound organelles in eukaryotes?
Providing a transport system
separating areas from the rest of the cytoplasm, large surface area for attachment of enzymes, ATP synthesis
What is the structure of ribosomes?
Two subunits large and smaller
made of ribosomal DNA and protein
may be free in cytoplasm or bound or RER for protein synthesis
What is the structure of mitochondria?
outer and inner double membrane
intermembrane space
cristae
martix
DNA
ribosomes
What is the function of mitochondria
ATP synthesis
What is the structure and function of the ER?
The ER forms a membrane system of flattened sacs, cisternae with a continuous nuclear membrane.
May be smooth without ribosomes or rough with
Smooth functions in lipid and steroid storage
Rough functions in protein storage as transport system
What is the function/structure of lysosomes?
They break down waste material in the cell, secretory vesicles from the golgi body, they contain enzymes used in phagocytosis
What is the function of centrioles?
Used in spindle formation during cell division
What is epithelia tissue?
Covering and lining tissue, also form glands
example small intestine
What is muscle tissue?
It contracts to cause movement
striated muscle tissue is skeletal and cardiac
also have smooth muscle tissue
example cardiac muscle tissue
What is connective tissues?
Mostly bind organs together, support and protect the body
example areolar connective tissue
What is the structure and function of chloroplasts?
Double outer membrane containing stroma, ribosomes, lipid, circular DNA, and possibly starch
Through stoma are thylakoids and stacked in places to form grana which is the site of photosynthesis pigments
self replicating
What is the structure/function of the golgi body?
A series or dynamic flattened sacs which function to package proteins into vesicles for secretion at one end.
What is the structure of the nucleus?
Bound by a double membrane nuclear envelope with pores for mRNA and nucleotides
Contains chromatin, loosely coiled chromosomes of DNA and histone protien
Where ribosomal RNA is produced
