Cell structure and organisation

Question 1

What organelles do only plant cells have?

Answer 1

Chloroplasts, plasmodesmata, tonoplast, large vacuole, cell wall

Question 2

What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Answer 2

Eukaryotic cells have distinct membrane bound organelles

Question 3

How is DNA stored in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 3

DNA is circular and lies free in the cytoplasm in a plasmid
Ribosomes are smaller than eukaryotic cells and contain murein

Question 4

What is the structure of a virus?

Answer 4

DNA or RNA
enclosed in a protein coat
some also have a lipoprotein coat

Question 5

Where does aerobic respiration occur?

Answer 5

In mesosomes in the plasma membrane
Mesosomes are infoldings or the membrane for increased surface area
A capsual may be present and DNA plasmids for antibiotic resistance

Question 6

What differences can you see between eukaryotic, prokaryotic cells and viruses on an electron microscope?

Answer 6

Viruses can be distinguished by their protein capsule
Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells can be distinguished by structure and membrane bound organelles present

Question 7

What organelles are present in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 7

Golgi body, nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, mitochondria, chloroplasts

Question 8

What is the importance of membrane bound organelles in eukaryotes?

Answer 8

Providing a transport system
separating areas from the rest of the cytoplasm, large surface area for attachment of enzymes, ATP synthesis

Question 9

What is the structure of ribosomes?

Answer 9

Two subunits large and smaller
made of ribosomal DNA and protein
may be free in cytoplasm or bound or RER for protein synthesis

Question 10

What is the structure of mitochondria?

Answer 10

outer and inner double membrane
intermembrane space
cristae
martix
DNA
ribosomes

Question 11

What is the function of mitochondria

Answer 11

ATP synthesis

Question 12

What is the structure and function of the ER?

Answer 12

The ER forms a membrane system of flattened sacs, cisternae with a continuous nuclear membrane.
May be smooth without ribosomes or rough with
Smooth functions in lipid and steroid storage
Rough functions in protein storage as transport system

Question 13

What is the function/structure of lysosomes?

Answer 13

They break down waste material in the cell, secretory vesicles from the golgi body, they contain enzymes used in phagocytosis

Question 14

What is the function of centrioles?

Answer 14

Used in spindle formation during cell division

Question 15

What is epithelia tissue?

Answer 15

Covering and lining tissue, also form glands
example small intestine

Question 16

What is muscle tissue?

Answer 16

It contracts to cause movement
striated muscle tissue is skeletal and cardiac
also have smooth muscle tissue
example cardiac muscle tissue

Question 17

What is connective tissues?

Answer 17

Mostly bind organs together, support and protect the body
example areolar connective tissue

Question 18

What is the structure and function of chloroplasts?

Answer 18

Double outer membrane containing stroma, ribosomes, lipid, circular DNA, and possibly starch
Through stoma are thylakoids and stacked in places to form grana which is the site of photosynthesis pigments
self replicating

Question 19

What is the structure/function of the golgi body?

Answer 19

A series or dynamic flattened sacs which function to package proteins into vesicles for secretion at one end.

Question 20

What is the structure of the nucleus?

Answer 20

Bound by a double membrane nuclear envelope with pores for mRNA and nucleotides
Contains chromatin, loosely coiled chromosomes of DNA and histone protien
Where ribosomal RNA is produced