Cell Structure and Function Part 1 Flashcards
Most common stain is
Hemotoxylin-eosin
Hemotoxylin is a __ stain that stains ___ (color)
Basic stain that stains purple
Hemotoxylin stains ___ structures (1 + 3)
Stains basophilic structures:
Heterochromatin
Nucleoli
rRNA
Eosin is a __ stain that stains ___ (color)
Acidic stain
Stains pink in color
Eosin stains __ structures (1 + 3)
Stains eosinophilic/acidophilic structures
Cytoplasm
Types of electron microscopy
Transmitting electron microscopy
Scanning electron microscopy
Freeze-fracturing
How does periodic acid-Shiff (PAS) staining work
It detects carbohydrates by replacing the -OH groups on adjacent carbons on the hexose ring with aldehydes
What group reacts with Schiff’s reagent and what color does it turn
Reacts with aldehyde groups turning it to a deep magenta color
How does enzyme histochemistry work?
Uses stains that are activated or change color when cleaved by a particular enzyme to detect the presence of htat enzyme
Acid phosphatase reaction dectects
the presence and activity of phosphate enzymes within vesicles
Immunohistochemical staining uses __ to detect
Dyes bound to antibodies to detect the presence of specific antigens on and within cells
4 types of connective tissue
Connective tissue proper
Bone
Cartilage
Blood
Cells that secrete connective tissue matrix
Fibroblasts
Bone matrix is secreted by
Osteoblasts
Cartilage matrix is secreted by
Chondrocytes
What is the matrix of blood?
Plasma
What forms te glycocalyx of the cell?
Carbohydrates that extend from the extracellular surface of the membrane
What is the nuclear envelope composed of?
Double lipid bilayer membrane
What determines the fluidity of the membrane
Cholesterol
Heterochromatin vs. Euchromatin
Heterochromatin is not being transcribed
Euchromatin is being actively transcribed
Connective tissue proper includes
Adipose
Loose CT
Dense CT
Relationship between cholesterol and fluidity of membrane
More cholesterol = less fluidity
Less cholesterol = more fluidity
Which organelles in the cell are partitioned by membranes
Nucleus
ER
Golgi
Vesicles
Mitochondria
Integral membrane proteins vs peripheral proteins
Peripheral proteins can be stripped from the membrnae by salts or chelating agens
Integral membrane proteins cannot
Inner membrane space of mitochondria is similar to ___ except ___
Similar to cytopalsm in pH and ionic composition
Protein composition is unique
How does mitochondria replicate?
Bi binary fission
Mitochondria synthesizes
8 of its own proteins
The majority of mitochondrial proteins are synthesized by
Free ribosomes
Where is ATP produced in mitochondria
In the cristae
Where is the cristae located in mitochondria
In the inner membrane
What is the function of the mitochondria
Carries out TCA cycle and beta-oxidation of fatty acids
