Cell Structure and Function A

Question 1

the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms. In other words, in the hierarchy of biological organization; it is the simplest collection of matter that can be considered a living entity.

Answer 1

Cell

Question 2

are those organisms that are made up of a single cell that carries out all of the functions needed by the organism. Some examples include bacterium (plural is bacteria), amoeba, and yeast.

Answer 2

Unicellular organisms

Question 3

a laboratory instrument used to examine objects that are too small to be seen by the naked eye.

Answer 3

Microscope

Question 3

organisms that are made up of multiple cells. This means that these organisms use many different cells to perform different functions for them to survive.

Answer 3

Multicellular organisms

Question 4

what are the three features in almost
every cell?

Answer 4

plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus

Question 5

is considered as the outermost layer of the cell.

Answer 5

Plasma Membrane

Question 6

also a covering but is only found in plants and bacteria. It functions to provide definite shape, strength, and rigidity, prevent the drying up of cells, and protect bacteria and plants from harmful pathogens/disease-causing agents.

Answer 6

Cell Wall

Question 7

a specialized structure occurring in most cells (except bacteria and blue- green algae) that is always regarded as the control center of the cell.

Answer 7

Nucleus

Question 8

is what you will see between the nucleus and the plasma membrane. It is made up of the cytosol and the organelles.

Answer 8

Cytoplasm

Question 9

is a network of tubular and vesicular structures which are interconnected with one another. Some parts are connected to the nuclear membrane, while others are connected to the cell membrane.

Answer 9

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 10

Two types of ER

Answer 10

rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER).

(Their difference is the presence of ribosomes. The ribosome functions as a micro-machine for making proteins for the cell.)

Question 11

are organelles that function in the modification, sorting, and packing of materials synthesized in the cell.

Answer 11

Golgi bodies

Question 12

are small, spherical, membranous sacs found throughout the cytoplasm. They are filled with hydrolytic enzymes.

Answer 12

Lysosomes

Question 13

the storage of various substances but may have different roles depending on the type of organism.

Answer 13

Vacuoles

Question 14

the powerhouse of the cell. It is bound by two membranes which are quite unusual for an organelle.

Answer 14

Mitochondria

Question 15

are double membrane-bound organelles. But are not found in animal cells. In the plant cells, they are primarily involved in the manufacture and storage of food.

Answer 15

Plastids

Question 16

are brightly colored plastids that act as the site of pigment accumulation.

Answer 16

Chromoplasts

Question 17

these are plastids that are non-pigmented, in contrast to other plastids such as the chloroplast. Lacking photosynthetic pigments, these are not green and are located in non- photosynthetic tissues of plants, such as roots, bulbs, and seeds.

Answer 17

Leucoplasts

Question 18

are plant cell organelles that convert light energy into relatively stable chemical energy via the photosynthetic process.

Answer 18

Chloroplasts

Question 19

is an organelle present in an animal cell involved in the process of cell division. It is composed of two structures called centrioles that are made up of microtubules.

Answer 19

Centrosome

Question 20

a system of filaments that is present in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells (cells containing a nucleus). it organizes other constituents of the cell, maintains the cell’s shape, and is responsible for the locomotion of the cell itself and the movement of the various organelles within it.

Answer 20

Cytoskeleton

Question 21

what are the three major types of filaments that make up the cytoskeleton?

Answer 21

actin filaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments.

Question 22

Main Difference of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell

Answer 22

> Eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.

> Prokaryotes have DNA bundled together in a nucleoid region, while eukaryotes have linear DNA molecules.

> Prokaryote DNA is double-stranded and circular, while eukaryote DNA is double-stranded and linear.

Question 23

Animal Cell vs Plant Cells

Answer 23

> Both plant and animal cells are eukaryotic and have membrane-bound organelles.

> Plant cells contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis, while animal cells do not.

> Both animal and plant cells have mitochondria for energy production.

> Plant cells have a large, singular vacuole, while animal cells have many smaller vacuoles.

> Plant cells have both a cell wall and a cell membrane, while animal cells only have a cell membrane.