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Applied Science Unit 1 Biology > Cell Structure And Function > Flashcards

Cell Structure And Function Flashcards

Organelles and function of different types of cells

1
Q

What’s a prokaryotic cell

A

A cell with no nucleus e.g a bacteria

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2
Q

Robert Hooke 1665 in cell theory did what?

A

Robert Hooke was the first to describe cells

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3
Q

What is cell theory?

A

1) Cells are basic unit of life
2) everything living is composed of cells
3) cells can only develop from existing cells

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4
Q

What did Anton Van Leeuwenhoek 1674-1683 do in cell theory?

A

First person to observe bacteria and protoctista from pond water samples

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5
Q

What did Robert brown 1831 do in cell theory?

A

First to observe and describe a nucleus in a plant cell

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6
Q

What did Matthias Schleiden 1839 do in cell theory?

A

Matthias Schleiden- Suggested that all plant material is made from cells

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7
Q

What did Robert Remak 1852 do in cell theory?

A

Observed cell division

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8
Q

What did Louis Pasteur 1860 do in cell theory?

A

Disproved spontaneous cell generation

Cells come from existing cells

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9
Q

What is choroplast and it’s function?

A

Plant organelle

Where photosynthesis takes place

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10
Q

How do you calculate magnification?

A

Magnification (M) = size of image (l) ÷ actual size (A)

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11
Q

What are the limitations of light microscopes?

A

Lower magnification
Lower resolution
Need to be transparent material

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12
Q

What are some pros to light microscopes?

A

Cheap

Easy to use

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13
Q

What is Eukaryotic cells?

A

Cells that have a nucleus

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14
Q

What is a Golgi apparatus and it’s function?

A

A stack of membrane bound flattened sacs

Packages the proteins into vesicles to be transported

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15
Q

What is a nucleolus and function?

A

Spherical structure in the middle of the nucleus

It makes ribosomes and RNA

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16
Q

What is Rough endoplasmic reticulum and function?

A

Network of membrane bound flattened sacs called cisternae studded with ribosomes
Protein synthesis

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17
Q

What is Smooth endoplasmic reticulum and it’s function?

A

Network of membrane bound flattened sacs called cisternae NO RIBOSOMES
Responsible for synthesis and transport of lipids and carbohydrates

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18
Q

What is a vesicle and function?

A

Small spherical membrane sacs with fluid inside

Transport materials around the cell and outside of the cell

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19
Q

What is centrioles and it’s function?

A

They are small tubes of protein fibres

They form spindle fibres during cell division

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20
Q

What is tonoplast and function?

A

Partially permeable membrane of the vacuole

Allows small molecules to pass through

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21
Q

What is amyloplasts and it’s function?

A

A double membrane-bound sac containing starch granules

Responsible for the synthesis and storage of starch granules

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22
Q

What is plasmodesmata and it’s function?

A

Channels on the cell walls of plant cells

Enable transport and communication between individual plant cells

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23
Q

What are Pits and it’s function?

A

Pores in the cell walls of the xylem

Allow water to enter and leave xylem vessels

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24
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

The process of vesicles fusing with plasma membrane and secretary contents.

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25
What is the function of animal cells?
Synthesise proteins for use inside cell and outside cell | Cell multiplication
26
What is a capsule and it's function?
Slippery layer outside the cell wall | Protects the cell and prevents desiccation (prevents drying out)
27
What is a nucleoid and it's function?
Irregularly shaped region (no nuclear membrane) | DNA and controls cellular activity
28
What is plasmid as it's function?
Small loops of DNA | Carry genes that may benefit the survival of the organism
29
What do bacteria cells do?
They produce and secrete toxins
30
What do Gram-negative bacteria have?
A thinner cell wall and 2 lipid membranes
31
What colour are gram-positive
Purple
32
What colour is Gram-negative bacteria?
Pink
33
Why is Gram-negative pink?
Thinner cell walls and lipid membranes allows ethanol to wash off the crystal violet purple stain But keep the pink safranin stain
34
What type of bacteria is spherical shape?
Cocci
35
What type of bacteria is rod shape?
Bacilli
36
What type of bacteria is spiral shape?
Spirilla
37
What type of bacteria is comma shaped?
Vibrios
38
What type of bacteria is corkscrew shaped?
Spirochaetes
39
What are main features of fungal cells
Nuclei with chromosomes No chlorophyll Absorb food they are osmotrophic Reproduce by means of spores
40
What is lysosome and it's function?
Contains digestive enzymes to break down worn out cell parts or bacteria
41
What is centrosome for?
Cell division
42
What are erythrocytes?
Red blood cells
43
What are leucocytes?
White blood cells
44
What are thromcytes?
Platelets
45
What does semi-permeable mean?
Controls what enters the cell
46
What does permeable mean?
Everything can enter the cell
47
What does inpermeable mean?
Nothing can enter the cell
48
What does ATP mean?
Adenosine triphosphate
49
What is the function of centriole?
Produces spindle fibres for mitosis (cell division)
50
What is the function of peroxisome?
Fulfils essential metabolic functions in lipid metabolism, both catabolic and anabolic
51
What did Jan Purkyne do in cell theory 1839?
Jan Purkyne- animal tissue is made from cells and have similar structure to plant tissue
52
What did Theodor Schwann 1839 do in cell theory?
Theodor Schwann- proposed all living things are made from cells
53
Light microscope advantages and disadvantages?
Advantages Cheap Easy to use Disadvantages Poor magnification Poor resolution
54
Electron microscope advantages and disadvantages?
Advantages Good magnification Good resolution Disadvantages Expensive Need training to use
55
What is a nucleoid?
Single circular length of DNA folded up in bacteria
56
What is a slime capsule?
Polysaccharide layer outside the cell wall
57
What is the functions/roles of the polysaccharide layer?
Prevents the cell drying out Helps protect from white blood cells Helps stick to surfaces
58
What is the functions/roles of the cell wall in bacteria?
Made of sugar and amino acids called peptidoglycan Support and protection Keeps its shape
59
How do you calculate image size?
Actual size X magnification
60
How do you calculate actual size?
Image size/magnification
61
What types of ribosomes are in bacteria?
70s ribosomes
62
How can you remember what gram-negative colour is
Gram negative is pink they both have the letter n in them

Applied Science Unit 1 Biology (8 decks)

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