Cell Structure and Function Flashcards
What is the order of the Linnaean system?
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
What do phylogenetic trees show?
Inferred evolutionary relationships between biological species
How has advanced microscopy helped modern taxonomy?
Revealing nuclei in some cells but not in others
How have advanced genomic techniques helped modern taxonomy?
Allows entire genomes to be sequenced
What are the 2 main differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
- presence of nucleus
- compartmentalisation
What are the differences in compartmentalisation between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes have no internal compartmentalisation by membrane-bound organelles whereas eukaryotes do
What is the theory of endosymbiosis?
The evolutionary process by which one eukaryote is derived from two or more prokaryotes by the engulfment of one bacterium by the other
What evidence is there for the theory of endosymbiosis?
The mitochondrion
How do mitochondria resemble bacteria? (4 ways)
- have two membranes
- contain genetic material including tRNA
- contain ribosomes
- reproduce by binary fission
What are thermophiles?
Organisms able to survive at >50°C
What are hyperthermophiles?
Organisms able to survive at >80°C
What are halophiles?
Organisms able to survive high concentrations of salt or tolerate heavy metals
What are acidophiles?
Organisms that can survive at pH 2-6
What are the three basic shapes of bacteria?
- coccus
- spiral/helical
- bacillus
