Cell Structure and Function Flashcards
Biological Hierarchy of the Body
way to organize structures in living things
What is the Hierarchy of the body (smallest to largest)
Chemicals, Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ systems, Organism
What do chemicals build?
Cells
What are macromolecules?
Large chemicals that are important to living things
What are some examples of macromolecules?
Carbs, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids
What are cells considered as?
Fundamental units of life
What happens when cells come together?
They form tissues
What are the four basic types of tissues?
epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscular
What happens if tissues join together?
They form organs
What is an organ’s job?
To perform a specific task
What are organ systems?
Organs that perform coordinated, large scale functions
What are the basic parts of a cell
Nucleus, plasma membrane, cytoplasm
Where are organelles found in
Cytoplasm
What is mitosis
cell replication
Purpose of mitosis is to
tissue growth and repair
What are the phases of mitosis
PMAT: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
What is interphase
DNA replication
What does prophase do in mitosis
chromosomes condense and visible chromosomes appear
what does metaphase do in mitosis
chromosomes line up
what does anaphase do in mitosis
chromosomes are pulled apart to the poles
What does telophase do in mitosis
Two nuclei form. Daughter cells separate in cytokinesis
What are the purposes of meiosis
Forms four gametes
(Meiosis I) What happens in Prophase I
Homologous chromosomes pair and cross over
(Meiosis I) Metaphase I
Homologous chromosomes are lined up in pairs
Anaphase I
One chromosome from each homologous pair is pulled towards each pole
Telophase I
Nuclear membranes form as the cell separates into two
Prophase II
Daughter cells contain half the chromosome of the original cell
Metaphase II
Chromosomes align
Anaphase II
sister chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell
Telophase II
Nuclear membranes form as the two cells separate into four haploid daughter cells
Function of Cell (plasma) membrane
Maintains cells’ environment through the process of selective permeability
Cytoplasm
Supports and suspends structures inside the cell membrane; transfers materials required for cellular processes
Golgi Apparatus
Processes proteins and lipids
Lysosome
Aids in digestion and recycling of old cells materials
Mitochondria
Generates chemical energy in the form of ATP molecules
Nucleus
Hold genes that carry hereditary information, regulates the activity of the cell
Ribosome
Synthesizes proteins
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
DOES NOT contain ribosomes; synthesizes and concentrates lipids in the cell. Inactivates toxins and harmful metabolic products
Vacuole
Serves as storage for a variety of elements, such as water, toxins and carbohydrates
