Cell Structure and Function Flashcards

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1
Q

State the three underpinning principles of Cell Theory.

A
  • All living things are made of one or more cells.
  • The cell is the smallest independent unit of life.
  • All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
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2
Q

Name the organelle where cellular respiration occurs in eukaryotic cells

A

Mitochondria / mitochondrion

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3
Q

Name the cell structure where the detoxification of drugs and alcohol occur.

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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4
Q

Name the cell structure responsible for the production of proteins

A

Ribosome

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5
Q

Describe the function of the Golgi body.

A
  • To sort, modify and package molecules into vesicles to be exported/secreted from the cell.
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6
Q

Describe three differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.

A

Prokaryotic-
Smaller <10μm
Contains a single, circular chromosome
No membrane bound organelles

Eukaryotic-
Larger 10-100μm
Contains multiple linear chromosomes in nucleus
Contains membrane bound organelles

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7
Q

Describe two differences between the genetic material of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.

A

Prokaryotic-
Contains a single, circular chromosome
DNA is unbound (not attached to proteins)

Eukaryotic-
Contains multiple linear chromosomes in nucleus
DNA is bound (attached to proteins called histones)

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8
Q

Describe three differences between plant and animal cells.

A

Plant-
Contains cell wall
Contains chloroplasts
Contains large central vacuole

Animal-
No cell wall
No chloroplasts
Small vacuoles (if present)

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9
Q

Name the organelle in which genetic material is stored in eukaryotic cells.

A

Nucleus

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10
Q

Name the organelle in which photosynthesis occurs in plant cells

A

Chloroplast

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11
Q

Describe one function of the large central vacuole.

A
  • Storage of water, nutrients etc
  • Shape retention
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