Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO 100 > Cell Structure and Function > Flashcards

Cell Structure and Function Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cells are the basic building blocks of __

A
  • Life
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

All living things are __

A
  • Made up of cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cells come from __

A
  • Pre-existing cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Prokaryotic cells (pro=__, karyote=__)
__ cells
Lack membrane bound __ and __
Contain a rigid __
Example : __

A
  • Before, nucleus
  • Small
  • Nucleus, organelles
  • Cell wall
  • E. Coli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Eukaryotes (Eu=__)
__ cells
__ a membrane bound nucleus and organelles
May be __ or __
Example: __

A
  • True
  • Larger
  • Contain
  • Single celled, multicellular
  • Animals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells contain __ __ __ __

A
  • Cell membrane
  • Cytoplasm
  • Ribosomes
  • DNA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cell Membrane

Barrier between __ and __ of the cell
Composed of __ and __

A
  • Inside, outside
  • Phospholipids, proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cytoplasm

The semi-gelatinous, __ material inside the cell

A
  • Aqueous
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ribosomes

Function in the __

A
  • Production of protein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

DNA

DNA is housed in a __ in a eukaryotic cell
DNA is __ in a prokaryotic cell

A
  • Membrane bound nucleus
  • Free-floating
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Passive Transport __ require energy in the form of ATP
3 Forms of Passive Transport

A
  • Does not
  • Simple Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion, Osmosis
    (pic shown in docs of the 3)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Simple Diffusion

Movement of a molecule from an area of __ concentration to an area of __ concentration across a __
Movement occurs between __
Small, uncharged, lipid soluble materials
Example: __

A
  • High, low, semipermeable membrane
  • Adjacent phospholipids
    -Oxygen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

Movement of a molecule from an area of __ concentration to an area of __ concentration across a __
Movement occurs through a __
__ or __ (charged or polar) molecules
Example: __ or __

A
  • High, low, semipermeable membrane
  • Transport protein
  • Large, hydrophilic
  • Ions, glucose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Osmosis

Diffusion of __ from an area of __ water concentration to an area of __ water concentration across a semipermeable membrane
OR diffusion of water from an area of __ solute concentration to an area of __ solute concentration
Movement occurs through a transport protein called an __
Because osmosis is __, you cannot purposefully move water from one side of a membrane to another, rather you must promote osmosis with a __

A
  • Water, high, low
  • Low, high
  • Aquaporin (water pore)
  • Passive, solute
    (Pic on docs)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hypotonic solution (hypo=__)

__ solute concentration in the solution than inside the cell
Water moves into the cell causing the cell to __

A
  • Below normal
  • Lower
  • Swell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hypertonic solution (hyper=__)

__ solute concentration in the solution than inside the cell
Water moves __ of the cell causing it to __

A
  • Above normal
  • Higher
  • Out, crenate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Isotonic solution

__ amounts of solute inside the cell and outside the cell
Equal movement of water __ and __ of the cell
Cell __ its normal shape and size

A
  • Equal
  • Into, out
  • Retains
18
Q

Active transport: requires energy in the form of ATP

Movement (pumping) of a molecule from an area __ concentration to an area of __ concentration __ the concentration gradient across a semipermeable membrane

A
  • Low, high, against
19
Q

Primary active transport

Movement occurs through a __
__ or __ molecules
Na+-K+ (Sodium potassium) pump is the __ important in the body
Uses ATP to pump __ sodium out of cell and __ potassium in
Maintains ion balances across the cell
Essential for __ and __

A
  • Transport protein
  • Large, hydrophilic
  • Most
  • 3, 2
  • Nerve impulse conduction, muscle contraction
20
Q

Endocytosis

Use of a membrane bound vesicle to move __
Process:
Membrane invaginates to __ a pore
Materials are __ into the pore
Vesicle __ of the membrane and is now inside the cell

A

-Bulk materials into the cell
- Create
- Drawn
- Pinches off

21
Q

Exocytosis

Use of a membrane bound vesicle to move __
Process:
Vesicle __ toward the cell membrane
Vesicle and cell membrane __
Pore is __ to the outside of the cell and materials are __

A
  • Bulk materials out of the cell
  • Migrates
  • Fuse
  • Opened up, released
22
Q

Nucleus

A

Spherical organelle containing the DNA

23
Q

Nuclear Envelope

A

Double phospholipid bilayer surrounding the DNA

24
Q

Nuclear Pores

A

Holes in the envelope that allow small materials to move in or out

25
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Whats is it?
Long folded ribbons of membrane extending from the outer layer of the nuclear envelope
Studded with __
Functions in __

A
  • Rough endoplasmic reticulum
  • Ribosomes
  • Protein synthesis
26
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Tubular membranes extending from the __
Lack __
Functions in __ and __

A
  • Rough ER
  • Ribosomes
  • Lipid synthesis, detoxification
27
Q

Golgi apparatus

Series of __ stacked on top of one another
Receives vesicles from the __
__ and __ proteins for export from the cell

A
  • Membranous sacs
  • ER containing protein
  • Modifies, packages
28
Q

The nucleus, ER, and golgi apparatus __

A

Work together to produce and transport proteins

29
Q

Nucleus provides instructions for __

A

Protein synthesis

30
Q

The rough ER reads the directions from the nucleus and __

A

Produces proteins

31
Q

Newly formed proteins are packaged into __ and transported to the __

A
  • Vesicles, Golgi apparatus
32
Q

The golgi apparatus __ the proteins and __ them for export

A
  • Modifies, packages
33
Q

Mitochondria

What is it?
Site of __ (cellular energy) (what your body burns to do work) production

A
  • Kidney bean shaped double membrane organelle
  • ATP
34
Q

Lysosome

What is it?
Break down old, worn out cellular components as well as cellular waste products that are __
Endocytosed vesicles fuse with the __ and the contents are __ into harmless waste

A
  • Membrane bound sphere containing digestive enzymes
  • Endocytosed into the cell
  • Lysosome, broken down
35
Q

Cytoskeleton

What is it?
Three cytoskeletal elements :
Microfilaments - Provide __
Intermediate filaments - Reinforces the __
Microtubules - Move organelles __

A
  • Meshwork of protein fibers within the cell
  • Structural support
  • Plasma membrane
  • Around the cell
36
Q

Endosymbiotic theory

Proposed in 1967 by __
Evolution of __
Free-living prokaryotic cells were engulfed by other free-living prokaryotic cells billions of years ago, forming __

A
  • Lynn Margulis
  • Eukaryotic cells
  • Eukaryotic organelles (mitochondria)
37
Q

What do antibiotics target?

A

Prokaryotic cells

38
Q

Peptidoglycan

A polymer made of __ and __
Forms the __
Peptidoglycan allows bacteria to survive in an __ such as the intestines or blood

A
  • Sugar, amino acids
  • Cell wall
  • Aqueous environment
39
Q

Penicillin

Penicillin interferes with the production of __ in gram positive bacteria
Without peptidoglycan, the cell cannot withstand the __ of the water moving into the cell and the cell __

A
  • Peptidoglycan
  • Pressure, bursts
40
Q

Streptomycin

Streptomycin interferes with __ in __
__ to treat either gram positive or gram negative bacteria

A
  • Protein synthesis, prokaryotic cells
  • Broad spectrum

BIO 100 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions