Cell structure and function

Question 1

Acronym to tell if something is alive

Answer 1

MRSGREEN

Question 2

MRSGREEN meaning

Answer 2

movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excrete, equilibrium, nutrition

Question 3

Movement

Answer 3

all living things are capable of self-generated movement.
Individual bacteria swimming, humans walking, and plants moving towards light are self-generated movements.

Question 4

respiration

Answer 4

all living things can extract energy from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins through the biochemical processes of aerobic or anaerobic cellular respiration.

Question 5

sensitivity

Answer 5

all living things sense and react to stimuli. Examples of this include plant tips growing towards a light source.

Question 6

growth

Answer 6

all living things grow and develop over time. An example is how infants grow
into adults.

Question 7

reproduction

Answer 7

all living things can produce new living things. Examples include cell
division and sexual reproduction.

Question 8

excretion

Answer 8

all living things produce wastes that must be removed. Urine or dead cells,
if not removed, can become toxic.

Question 9

equilibrium

Answer 9

all living things can maintain a relatively stable internal environment
unique to an individual species, which is known as maintaining homeostasis.
This allows organisms to tolerate environmental changes such as varying temperatures or a lack of water availability

Question 10

nutrition

Answer 10

all living things extract nutrients from the environment, which are used to produce cellular energy, grow and develop, and maintain equilibrium. Some organisms gain nutrition by consuming food (heterotrophs), whereas others produce their own
essential nutrients from simple inorganic molecules (autotrophs).

Question 11

why viruses aren’t living

Answer 11

respire, consume nutrient, maintain homeostasis, or excrete waste

Question 12

cell theory states:

Answer 12

all living things are made up of cells, cells are the basic and smallest units of life, all cells are made from pre-existing cells

Question 13

The two types of cells

Answer 13

prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Question 14

What are the 6 kingdoms of life and are the prokaryotic or eukaryotic

Answer 14

Archea and bacteria - prokaryotic. Animalia, fungi, plantae and protista- eukaryotic

Question 15

features of eukaryotic cells

Answer 15

possess a nucleus where DNA is stored, membrane-bound organelles, more complex than prokaryotes. believed to have evolved from prokaryotes from a process called endosymbiosis

Question 16

features of prokaryotes

Answer 16

do not possess a nucleus, DNA is found free in the cytoplasm in a region called the nuclei, no membrane bound organelles only organelle is ribosomes. simple.

Question 17

animal cell features

Answer 17

multicellular organisms made of eukaryotic cells to form a functional organism, these cells differ greatly in structure and function but do share some basic characteristics centrosome lysosome

Question 18

plant cell features

Answer 18

may contain chloroplast and other plastids for photosynthesis, not all cells such as root cells. contain a cell wall, contain a large central vacuole. do not have centroles or cholesterol in their cell membrane.

Question 19

cell wall

Answer 19

a rigid outer layer made of peptidoglycan that maintains shape and protects the cell from damage or bursting if internal pressure is high

Question 20

cell membrane

Answer 20

semi-permeeable barrier that controls the entry and exit of substances

Question 21

cytoplasm

Answer 21

fluid component which contains the enzymes needed for all metabolic reactions

Question 22

nucleiod

Answer 22

region of cytoplasm which contains the prokaryotic DNA

Question 23

plasmid

Answer 23

additional DNA molecule that can exist and replicate independantly of the geniphore - can be transmitted between bacterial species

Question 24

pili or pilus

Answer 24

hairlike extensions found on bacteria which can serve as attachment, exchange of genetic material or movement

Question 25

flagella/flagellum

Answer 25

long, slender projection containing motor protein which spin the flagella like a propeller, enabling movement

Question 26

capsule

Answer 26

a thick polysacharide layer used for protection against dissication (drying out) and phagocytosis, lies outside the cell envelope of many bacteria

Question 27

prokaryotic cell replication

Answer 27

by binary fission, asexual reproduction and cell division, not the same as mitosis

Question 28

process of binary fission

Answer 28

1. the circular DNA is copied in response to a relocation signal, the two loops of DNA attach to the membrane, the membrane elongates and pinches off forming two separate cells.

Question 29

all the things prokaryotes contain

Answer 29

cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleiod, plasmid, ribosome, capsule, flagella, pili

Question 30

what are the size of eukaryotes

Answer 30

10-100 um

Question 31

what is the size of prokaryotes

Answer 31

0.1 - 5 um

Question 32

how are organelles held in place

Answer 32

held in place by protein filaments, known as the cytoskeleton inside the cell.

Question 33

what are the main differences between plant and animal cells

Answer 33

plant cells and chloroplasts are present in plant cells, plant cells have a larger vacuole

Question 34

in simple terms, what is the process of photosynthesis

Answer 34

This occurs in the chloroplasts and uses the substance chlorophyll to split water into hydrogen to make glucose and releases the oxygen as waste during the day.