Cell structure and function

Question 1

Which structure is responsible for protein synthesis in the cell?

Answer 1

Ribosome

Question 2

What is a ribosome made up of?

Answer 2

A functional ribosome consists of two subunits that are

normally separate and distinct. One is called a small ribosomal subunit and the other a large ribosomal sub

Question 3

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 3

-It serves as the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope.
- It is where many newly synthesized proteins are chemically modified
and packaged for export to their next destination, the Golgi
apparatus.

Question 4

What is the function of Golgi apparatus?

Answer 4

It (1) modifies and packages secretions, such as hormones or enzymes, for release through exocytosis; (2) renews or modifies the plasma
membrane; and (3) packages special enzymes within vesicles
for use in the cytoplasm.
Additionally, it It processes the sugar side chains on the transmembrane and secreted proteins

Question 5

What are the three primary compartments of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 5

The three primary compartments of the apparatus are known generally as “cis” (cisternae nearest the endoplasmic reticulum), “medial” (central layers of cisternae), and “trans” (cisternae farthest from the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 6

What are lysosomes?

Answer 6

Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed sacs that contain hydrolytic enzymes.
These enzymes target molecules, usually from outside sources, as a first step in processing nutrients for the cell.

Question 7

What is the function of peroxisomes?

Answer 7

Peroxisomes contain enzymes involved in the metabolism of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) which is toxic to the cell

Question 8

What is the cytoskeleton made up of?

Answer 8

It is made up of three filaments:

• Actin filaments
• Intermediate filaments
• Microtubules

Question 9

What is the function of cytoskeleton?

Answer 9

• Helps cells maintain their shape and internal organisation

- Provides mechanical support

Question 10

What is the the cytoplasm composed of?

Answer 10

It is made up of water, salts and protein

Question 11

Which is the largest of the three filaments that make up the cytoskeleton?

Answer 11

Microtubules

Question 12

What is the function of microtubules?

Answer 12

In a cell, microtubules play an important structural role, helping the cell resist compression forces

Question 13

What is the function of actin filaments that make up the cytoplasm?

Answer 13

Actin filaments have a number of important roles in the cell. For one, they serve as tracks for the movement of a motor protein called myosin, which can also form filaments

Question 14

Describe the structure of intermediate filaments

Answer 14

Intermediate filaments are a type of cytoskeletal element made of multiple strands of fibrous proteins wound together

Question 15

What is the double membrane covering the nucleus called?

Answer 15

Nuclear envelope

Question 16

What is the function of the nucleolus?

Answer 16

It synthesizes ribosomal RNA

Responsible for producing assembling the ribosomal subunits

Question 17

Describe the structure of mitochondria

Answer 17

• Outer membrane is smooth, inner membrane has folds called cristae
• The space within the membrane is called the matrix
• Mitochondria also contain ribosomes similar to those found in bacteria