cell structure and function Flashcards
What does the cell/plasma membrane do?
Controls what comes in out of out of the cell. (the bouncer)
Where is the cell/plasma membrane located?
Outside and around the cell.
Where are cell walls found?
Plants, fungi, and many proteins.
Where are cell walls located?
Surrounds cell/plasma membrane
What is the cell wall made of?
Cellulose
What does the cell wall do?
Acts as a protective that gives a cell shape
What is cytoplasm?
A sticky substance (cytosol) that includes all contents in the cell except for the nuclear membrane.
What does cytoplasm do?
Provides a stable environment for chemical reactions to happen,
What is the cytoskeleton?
Internal support system for cells structure.
What does the cytoskeleton do?
Mechanical support, anchor organelles, help move substances.
What is the nuclear membrane?
A double membrane containing chromosomes (DNA) and the nucleolus.
What does the nuclear membrane do?
The control center for the cell. (The brain)
What is DNA (chromatin)?
Genetic material found in cells.
What does DNA do?
Codes for proteins.
What is the nucleolus?
Dark spot made of RNA.
What can be found in the nucleolus?
Proteins.
What does the nucleolus do?
Makes ribosomes.
What are ribosomes?
Small organelle made of protein and protein
What do ribosomes do?
Make protein.
What is the smooth endoplasmic rectilium? (Smooth ER)
The internal membrane system with no ribosomes attached (Similar to the cell membrane)
What does the smooth ER do?
Has enzymes that help build up carbohydrates and lipids..
What is the rough endoplasmic rectilium?
Internal membrane connected to the nucleus and has ribosomes connected to the surface.
What does the rough endoplasmic rectilium do?
Manufactures and modifies proteins.
What does the endoplasmic rectilium do?
Helps move substances within cells and produces cellular membranes.
What is the golgi apperatus?
Membranes that look like stacked pancakes.
What does the golgi apperatus do?
Modifying, packaging. and shipping station of the cell.
What are lysosomes?
Round membrane sack that contains digestive enzymes.
stomach of the cell
What is the vacuole?
Membrane bound storage sacs (structure).
What does the vacuole do?
Stores water, food, wastes, and enzymes.
What are vesicles?
Membrane enclosed structure.
What do vesicles do?
Store and move materials around and out of the cell.
What is the mitochondria?
Kidney-shaped organelle surrounded by two membranes that have their own DNA. (prokaryote)
What does the mitochondria do?
Provides the cell with energy by breaking down food. (powerhouse of the cell.)
What is chloroplast?
Double membrane bound organelle containing stacked disks (grana) and has its own DNA.
What does the chloroplast do?
Captures sunlight and turns it in to chemical energy that is used to make food. (Photosynthesis)
