Cell Structure and Division by Mitosis Flashcards
Give 3 things that may be found in a Eukaryotic cell, but no a Prokaryotic one? [3]
- True Nucleus
- ## Membrane bound organelles
Function of a Nucleus [1]
Where genetic information is stored controls the activities of a cell
Function of a Mitochondrion [1]
Site of several stages of aerobic respiration/synthesis of ATP
Two structures commonly found in the chloroplast [2]
- Granum
- Lamella
- Stroma
Function of the Golgi Apparatus [1]
Processes and packages lipids and proteins
Function of a Lysosome [1]
Contains a powerful digestive enzyme that has to be kept separate form the rest of the cell
Function of a Ribosome [1]
Site of protein synthesis
Function of the RER [1]
Contains ribosomes on its surfaces and modifies these proteins that are produced
What is a Eukaryotic cell wall made from? [1]
Cellulose
What is a Prokaryotic cell wall made from? [1]
Peptidoglycan
What is the function of the microvilli [1]
Increase the surface area available for exchange
What is the difference between Villi and Microvilli? [1]
Villi are found in the small intestine and are folds in the WALL whereas micro villi are folds on INDIVIDUAL CELLS
Give the order of cell organisation [5]
Specialised Cells -> Tissues -> Organs -> Organ systems -> Organisms
What is a tissue [1]
A group of specialised cells
Describe how DNA is contained in Prokaryotic Cells? [2]
Left freely floating in the cytoplasm or containing in circular loops called plasmids
What is the method by which viruses replicate themselves? [1]
Binary Fission
What is the protein coat around a viral cell called? [1]
A capsid
What is meant by resolving power? [1]
The ability to distinguish between two points that are close together
Why is the resolving power of an electron microscope greater than an optical microscope? [1]
Wavelength of the electrons is shorter than light
Advantages of optical over electron? [3]
- Cheaper
- Not as advanced so anyone can use them
- Can observe alive specimens
Advantages of electron over optical [3]
Lotsssssssssss
How would you separate the nuclei from a leaf tissue? [4]
- First homogenate using a blender to break open all of the cells releasing the organelles into solution
- Then filter to remove any cell debris
- Spin in a centrifuge, pour of supernatant, this first pellet formed will be the nuclei
What should the homogenate be placed in?
An ice cold buffer solution which is isotonic to the organelles
What happens in S phase? [2]
- Synthesis of new organelles
- Synthesis of the genetic material
