Cell Structure and Division Flashcards
Name all the structures of an animal cell
Cell membrane Rough ER Nucleus Nucleolus Nuclear envelope Lysosomes Golgi Body and Vesicles Ribosomes Smooth ER Mitochondria Cytoplasm
Explain the structures that make up the nucleus 2
Has own membrane called nuclear envelope that has pores to allow DNA to enter and leave
Has nucleolus which controls cell and contains dna
The structure of the mitochondria and the internal structures within it 3
Produce energy for cell in form of ATP
Cristae folds create extra SA
Matrix provides space for ribosomes oxygen and glucose to move in
Contains own ribosomes for protein synthesis
Where are larger and smaller ribosomes found
Larger found in eukaryotic
Smaller found in eukaryotic and within subcellular organelles
What does the Golgi apparatus do
Packages substances eg lipids and carbs together and puts them in vesicles to travel to cell membrane, to carry out exocytosis
What does the RER do
Make proteins through protein synthesis by getting information from DNA
What does the Smooth ER do and how does it’s internal structure help
Produced lipids
Internal cisternae increases surface area
Lamelle is the lumen of cisternae tubes
What two internal structures allow chloroplasts to carry out function
Granum and thylakoids
Used in light dependant and independent reactions
What allows the cel walk to be so strong
Made of protein and crosses fibres to increase strength
What is the membrane around a vacuole called
Tonoplast
What is the cell surface membrane
Plasma membrane that surrounds outside of cell and separates cytoplasm from the external environments
What 5 molecules are essential to cell membrane structure
Phospholipids Cholesterol Proteins Glycolipids Glycoproteins
What 4 organelles have their own membranes and what are they called
Nucleus (nuclear envelope)
Vacuole (tonoplast)
Mitochondria (inner and outer mitochondrial membrane)
Chloroplast( outer chloroplast membrane)
What does hydrophilic mean
Attracted to aqueous solution
What does hydrophobic mean
Non polar
Doesn’t like aqueous solution
What makes up a phospholipid bi layer
Two sets of heads and tails
Are heads and tails hydrophobic or hydrophilic
Heads are hydrophilic
Tails are hydrophobic
What are hydrophobic tails made out of
Hydrogen and carbon
What general rule substances does the phospholipid membrane let through or not
Allows lipid soluble molecules to enter and leave
Barrier to water soluble molecules and prevents them from entering and leaving
What things can cross the phospholipid bi layer
Lipid soluble molecules Small molecules Steroids Oxygen Carbon dioxide
What substances can’t cross the membrane
Water soluble molecules
Larger molecules
Glucose
Amino acids
Why can’t polar substances not cross through the phospholipid membrane
As they are attracted to the aqueous solution they are already in, so don’t move
In what instance can polar molecules pass through the phospholipid membrane
At a large open channel called a hydrophilic pore
They can’t pass through the normal channels
What two ways are proteins arranged in membrane
Intrinsic
Extrinsic
What does intrinsic arrangement of proteins in membrane mean
They span the full plasma membrane
Could be a protein channel to transport water soluble molecules or ions
Could be a protein carrier that binds to molecules or ions to transport molecules across
