Cell Structure and Division

Question 1

Name all the structures of an animal cell

Answer 1

Cell membrane
Rough ER
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Nuclear envelope
Lysosomes
Golgi Body and Vesicles
Ribosomes
Smooth ER
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm

Question 2

Explain the structures that make up the nucleus 2

Answer 2

Has own membrane called nuclear envelope that has pores to allow DNA to enter and leave
Has nucleolus which controls cell and contains dna

Question 3

The structure of the mitochondria and the internal structures within it 3

Answer 3

Produce energy for cell in form of ATP
Cristae folds create extra SA
Matrix provides space for ribosomes oxygen and glucose to move in
Contains own ribosomes for protein synthesis

Question 4

Where are larger and smaller ribosomes found

Answer 4

Larger found in eukaryotic

Smaller found in eukaryotic and within subcellular organelles

Question 5

What does the Golgi apparatus do

Answer 5

Packages substances eg lipids and carbs together and puts them in vesicles to travel to cell membrane, to carry out exocytosis

Question 6

What does the RER do

Answer 6

Make proteins through protein synthesis by getting information from DNA

Question 7

What does the Smooth ER do and how does it’s internal structure help

Answer 7

Produced lipids
Internal cisternae increases surface area
Lamelle is the lumen of cisternae tubes

Question 8

What two internal structures allow chloroplasts to carry out function

Answer 8

Granum and thylakoids

Used in light dependant and independent reactions

Question 9

What allows the cel walk to be so strong

Answer 9

Made of protein and crosses fibres to increase strength

Question 10

What is the membrane around a vacuole called

Answer 10

Tonoplast

Question 11

What is the cell surface membrane

Answer 11

Plasma membrane that surrounds outside of cell and separates cytoplasm from the external environments

Question 12

What 5 molecules are essential to cell membrane structure

Answer 12

Phospholipids 
Cholesterol 
Proteins
Glycolipids 
Glycoproteins

Question 13

What 4 organelles have their own membranes and what are they called

Answer 13

Nucleus (nuclear envelope)
Vacuole (tonoplast)
Mitochondria (inner and outer mitochondrial membrane)
Chloroplast( outer chloroplast membrane)

Question 14

What does hydrophilic mean

Answer 14

Attracted to aqueous solution

Question 15

What does hydrophobic mean

Answer 15

Non polar

Doesn’t like aqueous solution

Question 16

What makes up a phospholipid bi layer

Answer 16

Two sets of heads and tails

Question 17

Are heads and tails hydrophobic or hydrophilic

Answer 17

Heads are hydrophilic

Tails are hydrophobic

Question 18

What are hydrophobic tails made out of

Answer 18

Hydrogen and carbon

Question 19

What general rule substances does the phospholipid membrane let through or not

Answer 19

Allows lipid soluble molecules to enter and leave

Barrier to water soluble molecules and prevents them from entering and leaving

Question 20

What things can cross the phospholipid bi layer

Answer 20

Lipid soluble molecules 
Small molecules 
Steroids
Oxygen 
Carbon dioxide

Question 21

What substances can’t cross the membrane

Answer 21

Water soluble molecules
Larger molecules
Glucose
Amino acids

Question 22

Why can’t polar substances not cross through the phospholipid membrane

Answer 22

As they are attracted to the aqueous solution they are already in, so don’t move

Question 23

In what instance can polar molecules pass through the phospholipid membrane

Answer 23

At a large open channel called a hydrophilic pore

They can’t pass through the normal channels

Question 24

What two ways are proteins arranged in membrane

Answer 24

Intrinsic

Extrinsic

Question 25

What does intrinsic arrangement of proteins in membrane mean

Answer 25

They span the full plasma membrane
Could be a protein channel to transport water soluble molecules or ions
Could be a protein carrier that binds to molecules or ions to transport molecules across