Biological molecules

Question 1

What are the 5 main biomolecules

Answer 1

Carbohydrates 
Protein
Lipids
DNA
Water

Question 2

What are all bio molecules made of

Answer 2

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

Question 3

What are the three types of monomer

Answer 3

Amino acids
Mono-nucleotides
Monosaccharides

Question 4

What are the three types of polymer

Answer 4

Polypeptides
Poly nucleotides
Polysaccharide

Question 5

What is a polypeptide

Answer 5

Protein

Question 6

What is a poly nucleotide

Answer 6

DNA or RNA

Question 7

What is a polysaccharide

Answer 7

Carbohydrates

Question 8

Give three types of carbohydrate

Answer 8

Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose

Question 9

What is an organic compound

Answer 9

Something that contains hydrogen and carbon

Question 10

What is the -OH functional group called

Answer 10

Hydroxyl group or alcohol

Question 11

What is the -NH2 functional group called

Answer 11

Amine Group

Question 12

What is the -COOH group called

Answer 12

Carboxylic acid

Question 13

What is the -R group called

Answer 13

Variable group

Question 14

What is a covalent bond and is it strong

Answer 14

Sharing of electrons

Very strong

Question 15

What is a hydrogen bond

Answer 15

A weak interaction between molecules, formed between slightly -ve and +ve part of molecule

Question 16

How are the polarised parts of a molecule formed that make up a hydrogen bond

Answer 16

Formed by unequal sharing of electrons

Question 17

Why do you not get hydrogen bonds between atoms

Answer 17

It only occurs between molecules as it is an interaction between them

Question 18

What is an ionic bond and is it strong

Answer 18

An intermolecular force between two oppositely charged ions
Weaker than covalent
Stronger than ionic

Question 19

Are hydrogen bonds strong

Answer 19

The interaction itself is weak

But many hydrogen bonds together is strong

Question 20

What are the properties of glucose 2

Answer 20

Tastes sweet

Soluble

Question 21

What are the three properties of simple sugars

Answer 21

Small
Sweet
Soluble

Question 22

What are the two types of simple sugars

Answer 22

Monosaccharides

Disaccharides

Question 23

Examples of monosaccharides 3

Answer 23

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

Question 24

Are monosaccharides reducing or non reducing

Answer 24

Reducing

Question 25

What is the general formula for monosaccharides

Answer 25

(CH2O)n | Where n is a number from 3 to 7

Question 26

3 examples of disaccharides and are they reducing or non reducing

Answer 26

Sucrose non reducing Lactose reducing Maltose reducing

Question 27

3 properties of polysaccharide

Answer 27

Large Non sweet Insoluble

Question 28

Difference between alpha glucose and beta glucose

Answer 28

The H and OH on the right hand side swap places

Question 29

What is maltose formed from

Answer 29

Two glucose

Question 30

What is sucrose formed from

Answer 30

Glucose and fructose

Question 31

What is lactose formed from

Answer 31

Glucose and galactose

Question 32

What is forming covalent bonds also called and why

Answer 32

A condensation reaction as a water molecule is lost

Question 33

What is breaking covalent bonds known as and why

Answer 33

Known as hydrolysis as you need to add water for the reaction to take place

Question 34

What is the bond called in a condensation reaction and what takes place to do this

Answer 34

Called a glycosidic bond | A H2O is removed from the two HO leaving an oxygen bonding the two together

Question 35

Are glycosidic bonds strong or not and why

Answer 35

Strong as they are covalent bonds

Question 36

What happens in a hydrolysis reaction

Answer 36

Add water to disaccharide to get two monosaccharide | Water hydrolyses glycosidic bond, and reverts back to hydroxyl group

Question 37

True or false hydrolysis is an enzyme controlled reaction

Answer 37

True

Question 38

How are polysaccharides formed

Answer 38

Condensation reactions of monosaccharides

Question 39

Examples of polysaccharides

Answer 39

Starch Glycogen Cellulose

Question 40

What are the two forms of starch

Answer 40

Amylose | Amylopectin

Question 41

Are amylose and amylopectin branched or unbranched

Answer 41

Amylose unbranched | Amylopectin branched

Question 42

Is glycogen branched or unbranched

Answer 42

Branched

Question 43

Is cellulose branched or unbranched

Answer 43

Unbranched

Question 44

What polysaccharides are made of alpha glucose

Answer 44

Amylose Amylopectin Glycogen

Question 45

What polysaccharides are made of beta glucose monomers

Answer 45

Cellulose

Question 46

What polysaccharides have glycosidic bonds between polymers

Answer 46

Amylose amylopectin Glycogen

Question 47

What polysaccharides have hydrogen bonds and why are they useful

Answer 47

Cellulose | Useful as forms microfibres which are strong fibres that help cellulose carry out its function

Question 48

Function of amylose and amylopectin

Answer 48

Storage molecule of excess glucose in plants

Question 49

How does the structure of amylose relate to its function

Answer 49

Coiled structure makes it compact so good as storage as more can be fit into a small space

Question 50

How does the structure of amylopectin relate to its function

Answer 50

Branches allow enzymes that break down molecule to get at glycosidic bonds easily Meaning glucose released quickly

Question 51

What is the function of glycogen

Answer 51

Storage molecule of excess glucose in animals fungi and bacteria

Question 52

How does the structure of glycogen relate to its function

Answer 52

More branches mean stored glucose can be released quickly | Very compact so good for storage

Question 53

Function of cellulose

Answer 53

Strengthen plant cells and tissues

Question 54

How does the function of cellulose relate to its structure

Answer 54

Strong fibres mean cellulose provides structural support for cells