Cell Structure

Question 1

Cytoplasm or Cytosl

Answer 1

Fluid that surrounds all organelles

Mostly made up of water

(Cells are 75-90 water)

Jelly-like substance that fills the cell

Question 2

Ribosomes

Answer 2

Where amino acids are made into proteins

Can be loose in the cytoplasm or rough E.R.

Makes ribosomes

Site of protein synthesis.

Question 3

Structures for movement

Answer 3

Pseudopodia-false foot

Cilia (hairlike structures)

Question 4

Cytoskeleton

Answer 4

Made of protein filaments

Maintains cell shape

The cytoskeleton is made up of micro tubules and filaments. It’s typically not depicted in cell diagrams but is the structural beams and support of the cell

Question 5

Chromosomes

Answer 5

Typically eukaryotic cells (cells with nuclei) have large linear chromosomes and prokaryotic cells (cells without defined nuclei) have smaller circular chromosomes

Chromosomes are threadlike structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells. Each chromosome is made of protein and a single molecule of DNA. Passed from parent to offspring, DNA contains the specific instructions that make each type of living creature unique

Question 6

Nucleus

Answer 6

Control center of the cell

How his DNA, which is the template for making proteins

The brain

-NUCLEAR ENVELOPE

The nuclear membrane has many small holes called nuclear pours Bella material to move in and out of the nucleus

Contains the cells’ DNA and instructions for making proteins.

Question 7

Nucleolus

Answer 7

The nucleolus is around body located inside of the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. It is not surrounded by membrane, but stays in the nucleus. The nucleolus makes ribosomal subunits from proteins and ribosomal RNA

Question 8

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 8

Smooth E.R.- assemble/makes lipids

Detoxifies drugs and alcohols for the body and makes lipids

Rough E.R.-changes proteins made on ribosomes (where proteins are made)

Covered with ribosomes

Question 9

Golgi body/apparatus

Answer 9

Proteins from rough ER then go to the Golgi body

Further modify proteins and send to the final destination

Modifies, sorts and packages proteins

Question 10

Vesicles

Answer 10

Wanna sell needs to move a molecule many times, it uses vessels. Vessels are cellular organelles that are composed of a lipid bilayer. You can think of vessels as cellular envelopes that are used to transport materials from one place to another. Vessels also function of metabolism and enzyme storage as well

Question 11

Mitochondria

Answer 11

Converts carbohydrates and lipids into cellular energy

Kidney be in shape with many inner folds. CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Makes usable energy for the cell

Question 12

Organelles only found in plants

Answer 12

Cell wall (bacteria have cell walls made of chitin not cellulose)

Chloroplasts- performs photosynthesis, convert sunlight into glucose. Then glucose in the cell energy. Green color

Vacuoles- really found an animal cells often called vesicles, often single and large, store water and starch

TYPICAL PLANT CELL

Has cell wall, chloroplasts, vacuoles

Rarely has lysosomes

Square shape

Question 13

Lysosomes (animal and sometimes plants)

Answer 13

Filled with digestive enzymes

Break down molecules for cell food

Breakdown old organelles

Lysosomes digest food particles brought in during endocytosis as well as breakdown dead organelles and waste

Digests and breaks down old and useless organelles

Question 14

Centrioles (found in some lower plant species)

Answer 14

They spin out of the spindle fibers that aid in division of chromosomes during mitosis

centrioles split up the cell

Question 15

Typical animal cell

Answer 15

No cell wall, chloroplast, and a few vacuoles

Has lysosomes, centrioles

Many different shapes

Question 16

Pseudopodia

Answer 16

Pseudopodia are an example of blunt transient processes employed by cells such as amoeba or the neutrophil leucocyte for locomotion and the uptake of food particles and /or other extraneous matter.

Question 17

Flagella

Answer 17

a slender threadlike structure, especially a microscopic appendage that enables many protozoa, bacteria, spermatozoa, etc. to swim.

Tail-like appendage used to move some cells.

Question 18

Cilia

Answer 18

Cilia and flagella move liquid past the surface of the cell

a short microscopic hairlike vibrating structure found in large numbers on the surface of certain cells

Question 19

Chromatin

Answer 19

Genetic information found in the nucleus

Question 20

Nuclear membrane

Answer 20

Surrounds the nucleus and allows RNA to exit.

Question 21

Vacuole

Answer 21

Stores things like water in plant cells.

Question 22

Chloroplast

Answer 22

Site of photosynthesis.