Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cytogenetics > Cell Structure > Flashcards

Cell Structure Flashcards

1
Q
  • Extremely delicate, thin , elastic, living and semi-permeable membrane
  • Maintains shape & size of the cell
    Protects internal contents of the cell
A

Plasma Membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  • Non-living and outermost covering of a cell (def)
  • Prevents drying up(desiccation) of cells
  • Helps in controlling cell expansion
  • Protects cell from external pathogens
A

cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  • Dense spherical body located near the centre of the cell
  • Diameter varies from 10-25 µm
  • DNA was found
A

Nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  • Nucleus has a double layered covering called
  • has pores of diameter
    about 80-100 nm
A

Nuclear Membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Chromosomes contain stretches of DNA called

A

genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  • Jelly-like material formed by 80 % of water

- Present between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

A

Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  • Network of tubular and vesicular structures which are interconnected with one another
  • Gives internal support to the cytoplasm
A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

synthesize secretory proteins and membrane proteins

A

Rough ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

synthesize lipids for cell membrane

A

Smooth ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  • Formed by stacks of 5-8 membranous sacs

- Delivers synthesized materials to various targets inside the cell and outside the cell

A

Golgi body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  • Small, spherical, single membrane sac

- Found throughout the cytoplasm

A

Lysosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  • Single membrane sac filled with liquid or sap (water, sugar and ions)
  • Store various substances including waste products
A

Vacuoles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Synthesize energy rich compound ATP

A

Mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  • double membrane-bound organelles found inside plants and some algae.
  • storing food
A

plastids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

plastids that produce and store pigments

- gives color found in leaves, fruit…

A

Chromoplasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  • colourless plastids that store foods.

- storage organs such as fruits, tubers etc

A

Leucoplasts

17
Q
  • Convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of food
    • Double membrane-bound organelles found
      mainly in plant cells
A

Chloropasts

18
Q
  • Help in the formation of cilia and flagella

- is the membrane bound organelle present near the nucleus

A

Centrosome

19
Q
  • Give structural strength to the cell

- Responsible for cellular movements

A

Cytoskeleton

20
Q

the process by which a cell nucleus divides to produce two daughter nuclei containing identical set of chromosomes to the parent cell.

A

Mitosis

21
Q

is the process by which a cell nucleus divides to produce four daughter nuclei each containing half the number of chromosomes of the original nucleus or cell

A

Meiosis

22
Q

It is the division of cytoplasm.

A

Cytokinesis

23
Q

It is the period between successive cell divisions consisting of process associated with growth and preparation for mitosis

A

Interphase

24
Q

The karyokinesis has got four distinct stages as follows.

A
    1. Prophase
    1. Metaphase
    1. Anaphase
    1. Telophase
    1. Prophase
25
Q

Formation of spindle fibres is completed and chromosomes are attached to the spindle fibres at the point of centromere

A

Metaphase

26
Q

Chromosomes reach the opposite poles and spindle fibres begin to disintegrate

A

Telophase

27
Q

This is the shortest phase of the mitotic division

A

Anaphase

28
Q
  1. Progressive condensation and coiling of chromosome fibres.
  2. Chromosomes are scattered throughout the nucleus in a random manner.
A

Leptotene

29
Q
  1. Chromosomes become shorter and thicker.
A

Zygotene

30
Q

Homologous chromosomes lie side by side and this pairing process

A

Synsapsis

31
Q
  1. Exchange of chromosomal segments between non-sister chromatids of the homologous chromosome. This process is called crossing over.
A

Pachytene

32
Q

The point of exchange of chromatid during crossing over is called

A

chiasma.

33
Q

The homologous chromosomes are attached to each other by

A

chiasmata

34
Q

Separation of homologous chromosomes takes place from one another which begins from the centromere to end of the chromosomes

A

Diplotene

35
Q
  1. This stage begins after the complete terminalization of chiasmata
A

Diakinesis

36
Q

It is a protein framework, which is found between paired chromosomes. It consists of one central and two lateral elements.

A

Synaptonemal complex

Cytogenetics (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions