Cell division Flashcards
The study of chromosome number, structure,
function, and behavior in relation to gene
inheritance, organization and expression
Cytogenetics
- Father of modern taxonomy.
- Laid the foundations for the modern scheme
of binomial nomenclature.
Carl Linnaeus
-The father of Genetics.
-Published the results of his
investigations of the inheritance of
“factors” in pea plants.
Gregor Mendel
These are the Mendelian Laws of Inheritance
- Law of Segregation
2. Law of Independent Assortment
The term genetics was first coined by?
W. Bateson in 1905
The word genetics was derived from the Greek root ’Gen’ which means
‘to become’ or ‘to grow into’.
refers to the transmission of characters from parents to their offspring.
Heredity
The variations are mainly of two types namely
Hereditable (genetic) Non Hereditable ( environmental )
Works in flowering plants
Hugo de Vries
He used maize and peas, He also worked out law of hereditary
Carl Correns
He worked out law of hereditary using peas.
Von Tschermak.
-Pangenesis theory
- Preformatonism – there
is a preformed bodies
Homunculus
Aristotle
This theory states that a miniature human called ‘homunculus’ was
already preformed in the egg and sperm.
Preformation Theory
it states that egg or sperm cells do not contain miniature human but that the gametes contained undifferentiated living substance capable of forming the organized body after fertilization.
Theory of Epigenesis
This theory states that a new character once acquired by an individual shall pass on to its progeny.
Theory of Acquired characters
-called gemmule or pangene.
-The gemmulues were passed on to the gametes. The young one formed from the gametes would be having all the gemmules characteristics of the parents, and
will represent a blending of the qualities of its two parents.
Theory of Pangenes
Published The Origin of Species.
Formulated the theory of Natural
Selection.
Charles Darwin
organism’s body contains two types of cells namely
somatic cells and reproductive cells.
Germplasm Theory
These people conducted Pre-Medelian Experiment
Knight (1779)
J.Kolreuter
Gartner (1772-1850) and Naudin (1815-1899)
Fertilization.
- he pointed out the interrelationships between cytology and Mendelism, closing the gap between cell
morphology and heredity.
Walter Sutton
Weak acid.
Friedrich Miescher
DNA- genetic
material.
Oswald Avery ,
Colin MacLeod ,
Maclyn McCarty.
Used phages in which the protein was labeled with 35S and the DNA with 32P for the final proof that DNA is the molecule of heredity.
Martha Chase
Alfred Hershey
Obtained sharp X-ray diffraction photographs of DNA.
Rosalind Franklin
Solved the
three-dimensional structure of the DNA molecule.
DNA is double
stranded.
Francis Crick James Watson
the basic structural and
functional unit of living organisms.
Cell
a collection of ideas
and conclusions from many different scientists over time that describes cells and how cells operate.
cell theory
An organism that is made up of only one cell
Unicellular Organisms
The unit used to measure size of a cell is micrometer.
1 µm = 1 / 1000 millimeter
Smallest cell
Sperm cell Size: 5 µm
Largest cell
Ovum cell Size: 120 µm
Longest cell
Nerve cell Size: 1 m
