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Bio > Cell structure > Flashcards

Cell structure Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

1mm is how many micrometres

A

1000

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2
Q

1 micrometre is how many nanometres

A

1000

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3
Q

Magnification

A

The number of times larger an image is, compared to the real size of the object

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4
Q

Resolution

A

Ability to distinguish between two points

Greater resolution=greater detail

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5
Q

Cell surface membrane

A

Extremely thin
Composed of phospholipids
Partially permeable
Allows the movement of substances into and out of the cell

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6
Q

Nucleus

A

Largest organelle
Contains dna in the form of chromatin
Surrounded by double membrane
Nuclear envelope has many small nuclear pores that allow the exchange of substances between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

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7
Q

Nucleolus

A

Inside nucleus

Synthesises rRNA and makes ribosomes

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8
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Covered with ribosomes

Protein synthesis

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9
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

No ribosomes

Synthesises lipids abs steroids

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10
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Stack of flattened sacks
Constantly being broken down and formed from vesicles
Protein modification
Synthesises glycoproteins

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11
Q

Mitochondria

A 
Cytoplasm
Surrounded by two membranes 
Inner membrane folds to form cristae 
Produces ATP through aerobic respiration 
70S ribosomes
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12
Q

Ribosomes

A 
Attached to rough er or free in the cytoplasm 
Consists of two subunits
80S in cytoplasm 
70 in chloroplasts and mitochondria
Site of protein synthesis
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13
Q

Lysosomes

A

Found in cytoplasm
Digest unwanted material (old organelles and cells)
Contain hydrolytic enzymes

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14
Q

Microtubules

A 
Rigid, hollow tubes in cytoplasm
Support
Involved in movement of organelles
Form spindle used to separate chromatids
Make up centrioles
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15
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Plant cells
Site of photosynthesis
Contain chlorophyll

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16
Q

Cell wall

A

Layer surrounding plant cells
Outside plasma membrane
supports the plant cell and maintains its shape
Cellulose

17
Q

Plasmodesmata

A

Pores in the cell wall

Link plant cells together to allow for movement of materials between cells

18
Q

Vacuoles

A

Plant cells
Large
Surrounded by a membrane called a tonoplast
Storage of water and solutes

19
Q

ATP

A

Used in cells by being broken down to ADP and releasing energy

20
Q

Prokaryotic cell wall

A

Made of peptidoglycan
No membrane bound organelles
DNA circular
70S ribosomes

21
Q

Viruses

A

Small non-cellular structures
Capsid (protein coat)
Genetic material either DNA or RNA

Bio (5 decks)

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