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biology as level > cell structure > Flashcards

cell structure Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

features that animal and plant cells have in common

A 
cytoplasm
nucleus(nucleolus,chromatin,nuclear envelope)
mitochondria
ribosomes
smooth and rough endoplasmic recticulum (ER)
cell surface membrane
DNA
Golgi apparatus/golgi complex
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2
Q

features in animal cells that aren’t present in plant cells

A

centriole

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3
Q

features in plant cells that are absent in animal cells

A

plasmodesmata,cell wall, tonoplast , permanent vacuole, chloroplast

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4
Q

function of plasmodesmata

A

links neighboring plant cells

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5
Q

function of the cell surface membrane

A
  • controls exchange activities between the cell and surrounding enviroment
  • cell signaling
  • anchoring the cytoskeleton
  • cell to cell adhesion
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6
Q

function of mitochondria

A
  • is the site of aerobic respiration
  • produces ATP (Adenosine trisphosphate)
  • synthesizes lipids
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7
Q

parts of a nucleus

A

nucleolus
chromatin
nuclear envelope

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8
Q

function of centriole

A

formation of spindle fibres

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9
Q

why do secretory cells have a large number of mitochondria?

A

because mitochondria produces ATP which is responsible for releasing energy

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10
Q

organelles that are double membrane bound

A

mitochondria,chroloplast,nucleus,

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11
Q

the cell wall of a prokaryotic cell contains

A

murein

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12
Q

the cell wall of a eukaryotic cell contains

A

cellulose/chitin

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13
Q

the function of vacuole

A

to balance osmotic properties in the cell

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14
Q

difference between cell wall and cell surface membrane

A

cell wall is relatively thick and strong and FREELY PERMEABLE while cell surface membrane is thin and PARTIALLY PERMEABLE

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15
Q

Organelles that contain 70s ribosomes

A

chloroplast and mitochondria

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16
Q

the organelle that modifies and packages proteins to secretion

A

Golgi body/ Golgi complex

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17
Q

the structure that synthesis rRNA and combines it with proteins

A

nucleolus

18
Q

types of ribosomes prokaryotic cells (cells without nuclei) have?

A

70s ribosomes

19
Q

types of ribosomes eukaryotic cells (have nuclei) have?

A

80s ribosomes

20
Q

size of prokaryotic cells

A

20nm

21
Q

size of eukaryotic cells

A

25-30nm

22
Q

characteristics of chloroplast

A
  • give leaves its green color

* site where photosynthesis is carried out

23
Q

function of chromatin

A

contains DNA which controls cells activities

24
Q

functions of nucleolus

A

makes ribosomes using information from DNA

25
Q

how does a virus take over a body ?

A

the virus DNA takes over by taking over the protein synthesizing machinery of the host cell which helps them make new virus particles

26
Q

characteristics of virus

A
  • size is 20-30nm
  • no nucleus(prokaryotic)
  • contains a protective layer of protein molecules called capsomere
  • doesn’t have a cell structure
  • self replicating DNA or RNA that acts as its genetic code
27
Q

function of nucleolus

A

synthesis of rRNA

28
Q

where can cisternae be found in a cell?

A

ER and Golgi apparatus

29
Q

which organelles are responsible for the formation of hydrolytic enzymes found in lysosomes?

A

mitochondria , Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic recticulum

30
Q

In which animal cells would golgi body apparatus be most abundant?

A

goblet cells (where they secrete mucus which contains glycoprotein ,which is modified in the Golgi apparatus

31
Q

feature of all prokaryotic cells

A

presence of ribosomes

32
Q

why is sucrose solution used to store mitochondria?

A

to prevent changing in structure of the mitochondria

33
Q

an actively growing cell is supplied with radioactive amino acids ,which cell component will be the first to show an increase in radioactivity?

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

34
Q

function of nucleolus

A

production of ribosomes

35
Q

roles of plasmodesmata

A
  • allows signaling between cells

* links neighboring cells together to aid in transportation without crossing membranes

36
Q

cell wall is made of

A

cellulose

37
Q

the components present in prokaryotic cells ?

A

cytoplasm,DNA,ribosomes

38
Q

is mitochondria present in prokaryotic cells ?

A

no no no

39
Q

organelles found in a prokaryotic cell

A

ribosomes
plasmic membrane
DNA or RNA
cytoplasm

40
Q

why do eukaryotic cells undergo division much slower than prokaryotic cells?

A

because eukaryotes break down the nuclear membrane during mitosis

41
Q

where is cristanae found in the cell?

A

Golgi apparatus and the ER

42
Q

which part of the cell is continuous with the endoplasmic recticulum?

A

nuclear envelope

biology as level (7 decks)

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