cell structure Flashcards
features that animal and plant cells have in common
cytoplasm nucleus(nucleolus,chromatin,nuclear envelope) mitochondria ribosomes smooth and rough endoplasmic recticulum (ER) cell surface membrane DNA Golgi apparatus/golgi complex
features in animal cells that aren’t present in plant cells
centriole
features in plant cells that are absent in animal cells
plasmodesmata,cell wall, tonoplast , permanent vacuole, chloroplast
function of plasmodesmata
links neighboring plant cells
function of the cell surface membrane
- controls exchange activities between the cell and surrounding enviroment
- cell signaling
- anchoring the cytoskeleton
- cell to cell adhesion
function of mitochondria
- is the site of aerobic respiration
- produces ATP (Adenosine trisphosphate)
- synthesizes lipids
parts of a nucleus
nucleolus
chromatin
nuclear envelope
function of centriole
formation of spindle fibres
why do secretory cells have a large number of mitochondria?
because mitochondria produces ATP which is responsible for releasing energy
organelles that are double membrane bound
mitochondria,chroloplast,nucleus,
the cell wall of a prokaryotic cell contains
murein
the cell wall of a eukaryotic cell contains
cellulose/chitin
the function of vacuole
to balance osmotic properties in the cell
difference between cell wall and cell surface membrane
cell wall is relatively thick and strong and FREELY PERMEABLE while cell surface membrane is thin and PARTIALLY PERMEABLE
Organelles that contain 70s ribosomes
chloroplast and mitochondria
the organelle that modifies and packages proteins to secretion
Golgi body/ Golgi complex
the structure that synthesis rRNA and combines it with proteins
nucleolus
types of ribosomes prokaryotic cells (cells without nuclei) have?
70s ribosomes
types of ribosomes eukaryotic cells (have nuclei) have?
80s ribosomes
size of prokaryotic cells
20nm
size of eukaryotic cells
25-30nm
characteristics of chloroplast
- give leaves its green color
* site where photosynthesis is carried out
function of chromatin
contains DNA which controls cells activities
functions of nucleolus
makes ribosomes using information from DNA
how does a virus take over a body ?
the virus DNA takes over by taking over the protein synthesizing machinery of the host cell which helps them make new virus particles
characteristics of virus
- size is 20-30nm
- no nucleus(prokaryotic)
- contains a protective layer of protein molecules called capsomere
- doesn’t have a cell structure
- self replicating DNA or RNA that acts as its genetic code
function of nucleolus
synthesis of rRNA
where can cisternae be found in a cell?
ER and Golgi apparatus
which organelles are responsible for the formation of hydrolytic enzymes found in lysosomes?
mitochondria , Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic recticulum
In which animal cells would golgi body apparatus be most abundant?
goblet cells (where they secrete mucus which contains glycoprotein ,which is modified in the Golgi apparatus
feature of all prokaryotic cells
presence of ribosomes
why is sucrose solution used to store mitochondria?
to prevent changing in structure of the mitochondria
an actively growing cell is supplied with radioactive amino acids ,which cell component will be the first to show an increase in radioactivity?
rough endoplasmic reticulum
function of nucleolus
production of ribosomes
roles of plasmodesmata
- allows signaling between cells
* links neighboring cells together to aid in transportation without crossing membranes
cell wall is made of
cellulose
the components present in prokaryotic cells ?
cytoplasm,DNA,ribosomes
is mitochondria present in prokaryotic cells ?
no no no
organelles found in a prokaryotic cell
ribosomes
plasmic membrane
DNA or RNA
cytoplasm
why do eukaryotic cells undergo division much slower than prokaryotic cells?
because eukaryotes break down the nuclear membrane during mitosis
where is cristanae found in the cell?
Golgi apparatus and the ER
which part of the cell is continuous with the endoplasmic recticulum?
nuclear envelope
