Cell structure

Question 1

What is the plasma membrane made of?

Answer 1

A phospholipid bi-layer

Question 2

what is the plasma membrane also called?

Answer 2

the cell membrane

Question 3

Hopanoids

Answer 3

stabilize the membrane and work like cholesterol do. They keep the membrane from shattering when it is to cold and keep it from falling apart when it is too hot.

Question 4

What ate the 5 things the plasma membrane does for the cell

Answer 4

• transport
• cell to cell communication
• transduction
• structure
• gradient

Question 5

what it the phopholipid shape

Answer 5

12-18 carbon tail attached to an Oxygen with an ester bond. They oxygen is then bonded to a functional group. the functional group is a phosphate with an R group and an OH.

Question 6

What are the R groups generally

Answer 6

charged particles that are strongly polar. Ethanolamine
serinecholine
inisitol

Question 7

what is the cell wall made up of?

Answer 7

Peptodiglycan

Question 8

gram + cell walls

Answer 8

They have a thick cell wall with one membrane. Teichoic acid (stick up) and lipoteichoic (go all the way through) acid. They are the anchoring point of the cell wall, like rebar.

Question 9

gram - cell walls

Answer 9

It is thinner than gram + and is found between the outer and inner membrane. They have lipopolysaccharides in the out cell membrane.

Question 10

What is the only organism that make peptidoglycan?

Answer 10

bacteria

Question 11

what is the structure of peptidoglycan?

Answer 11

it is a repeating unit of N-acetyle-glucosamine (NAG) and N-acetyle-muramic acid (NAM). NAG is a glucose with one extra group and NAM is glucose with two extra groups.

Question 12

what bacteria do not have a cell wall

Answer 12

mycoplasms. they hide in our cells.

Question 13

What happens in bacterial cytoplasm?

Answer 13

All cell growth, metabolism, and replication.

Question 14

What is in the cytoplasm?

Answer 14

mostly water then it also has: proteins, ions, amino acids, sugar, calcium, nucleotides, and nucleic acid

Question 15

Where is the genetic information found in a bacterial cell?

Answer 15

in the cytoplasm and it is localized in the same area even though it is not contained. It will still stay together.

Question 16

What is a nucleiod?

Answer 16

where all the DNA in the bacterium gathers together within the cytoplasm.

Question 17

what is polyhydroxybutyrate

Answer 17

it is made within the bacteria when it is stressed and it stores carbon. They are long chains of [H-O-C-C^(CH3)-c-c^(O)-OH]. It has industrial uses as a biodegradable plastic. It has no membrane.

Question 18

what is cyanophycin

Answer 18

it is made by cyanobacteria and stores nitrogen. It has an aspartic acid backbone with an argenine side group. Theses are produced in an ATP dependent reaction not with proteins and ribosomes. They are soluble in water under both acidic and basic conditions.

Question 19

What is Volutin

Answer 19

They store inorganic phosphate and are found in the cytoplasm. Bacteria, fungi, and protozones make them. They are the most common in Yeast and protozones.

Question 20

Sulfur Globules

Answer 20

They store elemental sulfur which is a byproduct of sulfide oxidation. They are found within Thiomargenita namibiensis

Question 21

What is a gas vesicles purpose?

Answer 21

The provide buoyancy.

Question 22

What are gas vesicles made up of?

Answer 22

They are made up of a shell of protein that has a highly hydrophobic inner surface, making it impermeable to water (and stopping water vapor from condensing inside), however they are still permeable to most gases allowing for regulated gas exchange.