Cell Structure

Question 1

How does a eukaryotic cell differ from a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 1

A eukaryotic cell contains a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles. A prokaryotic cell lacks a nucleus and has only ribosomes

Question 2

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 2

The nucleus controls cell activities.

Question 3

Which organelle makes protein molecules?

Answer 3

The ribosome controls protein synthesis

Question 4

What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER?

Answer 4

Ribosomes are attached to rough ER but not to smooth ER. Rough ER modified protein made by the ribosomes. Smooth ER does other things like making lipids for cell membranes.

Question 5

The flexible barrier surrounding all cells.

Answer 5

The cell membrane.

Question 6

What are the three components of the cell theory?

Answer 6

All living things are made of cells.
Cells are the basic units of structure and function of living things
New cells are produced from existing cells.

Question 7

Where is the cytoplasm of a cell located?

Answer 7

The cytoplasm is the fluid found inside the cell membrane and outside the nucleus.

Question 8

What is the function of vacuoles?

Answer 8

Vacuoles are used as storage for the cell: water, salts and proteins.

Question 9

How are vacuoles and vesicles similar and different?

Answer 9

Vacuoles and vesicles are both membrane-enclosed sacs and both are used for storage.
Vesicles are also used to move materials around the cell and to and from the cell membrane.

Question 10

If a cell needs to breakdown large molecules into smaller ones, which organelle will be used?

Answer 10

The lysosome - Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes

Question 11

What structures make up the cytoskeleton of the cell?

Answer 11

Microfilaments and microtubules are protein filaments that make the cytoskeleton.

Question 12

How are vesicles related to the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 12

After protein are modified by the Golgi apparatus, they are packaged in vesicles to shipped inside or outside the cell.

Question 13

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 13

The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 14

If a cell’s job is to secrete protein molecules out of the cell, what organelles would you expect to be plentiful in the cell?

Answer 14

Ribosomes to make the protein, endoplasmic reticulum to modify them, Golgi apparatus to package the protein and vesicles to carry the protein to the cell membrane.

Question 15

Which organelle supplies the cell with energy?

Answer 15

Mitochondria

Question 16

A muscle cell requires a lot of energy. Which organelle would be plentiful in a muscle cell.

Answer 16

Mitochondria - supply the cell with energy.

Question 17

The site of photosynthesis.

Answer 17

The chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis.

Question 18

The process that converts energy from sunlight into chemical energy in food molecules.

Answer 18

Photosynthesis

Question 19

What types of molecules make up the cell membrane.

Answer 19

The membrane is made a bilayer of phospholipids embedded with protein molecules. Carbohydrate molecules are on the outside.

Question 20

What is the function of the protein molecules in cell membranes.

Answer 20

Proteins act as channels and pumps to move molecules across the membrane.

Question 21

What is the meaning of selectively-permeable in terms of the cell membrane?

Answer 21

Selectively permeable means that the cell membrane allows some molecules to pass through but stops other molecules.