Cell Structure Flashcards
Cell Theory is one of the scientific theories upon which biology is based. It explains the relationship between life and properties of Cells. Cell Theory says:- 3pts
- All organisms consist of one or more cells, 2. The cell is the basic unit of all organisms, 3. All cells come from pre-existing, living cells.
Despite variation cells (whether they be protozoan, plant, animal or bacterial cells) have certain features in common. Cells are similar in the way they :- 4pts
- Duplicate their hereditary material, 2. Use their hereditary material to direct protein synthesis, 3. Handle energy transfer, and 4. Regulate the exchange of materials.
All living organisms belong to one of three major domains. They are either :- 3pts
- Bacteria 2. Archaea 3. Eukarya
Features common to all cells :- 4pts
- Plasma Membrane 2. Cytoplasm 3. DNA 4. Ribosomes
What is the function of a Ribosome?
A Ribosome is a structure which makes proteins
DNA is the __________ ________ of the cell.
DNA is the Genetic Material of the Cell.
What is Cytoplasm?
Cytoplasm, is the material within the cell in which other cellular components are found.
What is and what roles does the Plasma Membrane have?
An outer covering that separates the cell’s interior from its environment
Features of all Cells (Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes) 3pts
- Surrounded by a selectively permeable plasma membrane, 2. Have Ribosome’s for the purpose of protein synthesis, 3. Contain double stranded DNA as their genetic material.
Plasma Membrane
Function-
Structure-
Function - A selectively permeable barrier surrounding the cell.
Structure - A lipid bilayer 8-10 nm thick with selectively permeable protein pores known as a fluid mosaic structure. The phospholipid molecule has a polar head and two non-polar tails, membrane proteins are interspersed throughout the lipid bilayer.
Ribosomes
Function-
Structure-
Function - Ribosome’s are the sites of protein synthesis, where mRNA is translated into protein. Ribosome move stepwise along a strand of mRNA and sequentially add the appropriate amino acids according to the template of mRNA to form a new protein. When the ribosome reaches the end of the coding sequence of the mRNA the new protein is released and the ribosome detached.
Structure - Consists of a small and a large subunit. The large subunit binds to the small subunit. A membrane does not surround the ribosome. It can exist free in the cytoplasm of in groups of 3-30 ribosome’s to from a polysome