cell structure Flashcards
name one single cell giant
paramecium
How does the protozoan Paramecium move in water
by beating the cilia that covers its surface
where can Chlamydomonas be found
All over the world; soil, fresh water, oceans, snow, etc.
name a yeast cell and how it reproduces
Saccharomyces - reproduces by budding
how does Helicobacter pylori move through the stomach lining
uses a handful of whip-like flagella to propel itself forward
what are muscle cells responsible for
movement of skeleton, heart, internal organs
what do connective tissue cells create
extracellular material that holds cells together in tissue
what can connective tissue cells be specialised to do and give an example
absorb or resist external forces e.g. tendons
where can you find human epithelial cells and why do we have them?
they cover the inner and outer body cavities, such as the stomach and urinary tract as well as the skin - they act as protective barriers
if the human epithelia specialise to act as sensory receptors where are they found
taste buds, lining of the nose and in the ear
where can ciliated epithelial cells be found
the lining of female reproductive organs
why are epithelial cells important in forensic science
a person sheds around 400000 skin cells per day which can be found on clothes, weapons, and other objects, which we can extract DNA from
what are waters 5 unusual traits
- a liquid at room temp
- hydrogen bonds form between partially charged atoms of opposite polarity
- water is polar
- solid water is less dense than liquid water
- water has a very high specific heat capacity
what are lipids, what are their properties and name some examples
lipids are carbon-rich polymers that are insoluble in water
properties; hydrocarbon chain, hydrophobic, amphipathic
examples; phospholipids, cholesterol, triglycerides
what are sugars, what are they made of, and name some examples
they are simple carbohydrates composed of entirely carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
examples; glucose, fructose, ribose
what is the central carbon in an amino acid bound to
an amino group, a carboxylic acid group, a hydrogen and an R group
what do nucleotides contain
a sugar, a phosphate group and a base
which carbon does the phosphate group bind to and which carbon does the sugar bond to
phosphate = 5’ carbon
sugar = 1’ carbon
what is the difference between RNA and DNA
the sugar:
RNA = ribose
DNA = deoxyribose
